基于自然驾驶试验的公路螺旋隧道驾驶人心理旋转效应分析  

Analysis of Mental Rotation Effects on Drivers in Highway Spiral Tunnels Based on a Naturalistic Driving Experiment

作　　者：韩磊 杜志刚[2] 杨永正 梅家林 贺世明 HAN Lei;DU Zhi-gang;YANG Yong-zheng;MEI Jia-lin;HE Shi-ming(School of Traffic and Transportation,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,Hebei,China;School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院,河北石家庄050043 [2]武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院,湖北武汉430063

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第3期150-164,共15页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072291)。

摘　　要：为探究公路螺旋隧道行车时驾驶人的心理旋转效应,招募了30名被试开展自然驾驶试验,采集驾驶人在曲线隧道和螺旋隧道行车时的视觉特性数据和心电特性数据,构建因子模型选取驾驶人心理旋转效应的敏感评价指标,对比驾驶人的主观负荷强度和弯坡错觉程度,并构建数据包络分析模型(DEA),识别和探究公路螺旋隧道行车环境对驾驶人心理旋转效应的影响特征。结果表明:驾驶人心理旋转效应的敏感视觉特性指标为注视持续时间、瞳孔直径、扫视持续时间和扫视幅度,敏感心电特性指标为HR、SDNN、LF/HF和SampEn;曲线隧道与螺旋隧道条件下驾驶人视觉和心电表现存在显著差异,相较于曲线隧道,驾驶人在螺旋隧道行车时表现出更大的注视持续时间、瞳孔直径、扫视持续时间和更小的扫视幅度,以及更大的HR、LF/HF和更小的SDNN、SampEn;驾驶人在螺旋隧道行车时的视觉注意水平更高、视认反应时间更长,信息感知和处理难度更大、心理努力程度更大、视觉搜索效率下降,辨识能力减弱,同时更容易引起紧张和焦虑,从而导致自主神经调节能力减弱、心率变异性降低;此外,驾驶人主观评价结果显示,螺旋隧道行车时的弯坡错觉程度和主观心理负荷程度均大于曲线隧道;基于DEA的综合评价显示,曲线隧道在技术效益、规模效益和综合效益方面均优于螺旋隧道,这表明螺旋隧道行车环境对驾驶人视觉和心理绩效有损害,需要采取措施加以改善。To investigate mental rotation effects on drivers navigating a highway spiral tunnel,a naturalistic driving study was conducted with 30 participants.Visual and electrocardiographic(ECG)data were collected from drivers traversing curved and spiral tunnels.A factor model was constructed to identify the sensitive indicators of the drivers'mental rotation effects.Subjective workload intensity and curvature-slope illusion severity were compared,and a data envelopment analysis(DEA)model was established to identify and investigate the characteristic impacts of the driving environment in a highway spiral tunnel on the drivers'mental rotation effects.The results revealed that the sensitive visual indicators of the drivers'mental rotation effects included fixation duration,pupil diameter,saccade duration,and saccade amplitude.Sensitive ECG indicators included the HR,SDNN,LF/HF,and SampEn.Significant differences in visual and ECG performance were observed between curved and spiral tunnels.Drivers in a spiral tunnel exhibit longer fixation durations,larger pupil diameters,longer saccade durations,smaller saccade amplitudes,higher HR,higher LF/HF ratios,lower SDNN,and lower SampEn values than do those in a curved tunnel.Moreover,drivers in spiral tunnels demonstrate increased visual attention levels,longer recognition response times,greater difficulty in information perception and processing,increased mental effort,decreased visual search efficiency,and weakened discrimination abilities.In addition,they are more prone to feelings of tension and anxiety,which leads to decreased autonomic nervous system regulation and reduced heart rate variability.Furthermore,subjective evaluations by the drivers indicate that the curvature slope illusion severity and subjective psychological workload are greater in the spiral tunnel than in the curved tunnel.A comprehensive evaluation based on DEA reveals that the curved tunnel outperforms the spiral tunnel in terms of technical,scale,and overall benefits.These results suggest that the drivin

关 键 词：交通工程 螺旋隧道 自然驾驶试验 心理旋转效应 视觉特性 心电特性 主观评价 DEA综合评价 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]