碰撞减速工况下低龄儿童脑挫伤损伤特性试验与仿真  

Experiment and Simulation on the Characteristics of Brain Contusion in Low-age Children Under Impact Deceleration Conditions

作　　者：李睿 宿仲情 李大鹏 邱金龙 李志刚 兰惠清[1] LI Rui;SU Zhong-qing;LI Da-peng;QIU Jin-long;LI Zhi-gang;LAN Hui-qing(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children's Health,Beijing 100045,China;Military Traffic Injury Prevention Laboratory Army Specialty Medical Center,Chongqing 400042,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]国家儿童医学中心/首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院神经外科,北京100045 [3]陆军特色医学中心军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆400042 [4]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第3期188-199,共12页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52375281,51975041)。

摘　　要：交通事故和坠落所引发的头部碰撞减速工况有较高概率导致脑挫伤,已严重威胁低龄儿童的生命安全。然而,低龄儿童的脑挫伤损伤特性尚不清晰。考虑到儿童尸体样本难以获取,以小猪作为儿童的代理模型,通过试验与仿真相结合的方式,针对头部碰撞减速工况下的低龄儿童脑挫伤特点及致伤过程进行研究。首先,开展了自由坠落冲击试验,诱发了小猪脑挫伤,分析了脑挫伤特点。其次,基于高逼真度小猪头部生物力学模型按照试验工况进行碰撞仿真,结合试验获取的脑挫伤区域,确定了能够描述脑挫伤的力学表征指标。然后,基于所确定的力学指标对应的脑组织云图分析了脑挫伤致伤过程。最后,将小猪脑挫伤特点与从医院获取的真实事故中低龄儿童的脑挫伤特点进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:脑挫伤通常出现于头部撞击区域下方附近区域的脑组织,表现为冲击伤;脑组织最大剪切应变、最大主应变和颅内压力3个力学表征指标均能够用于描述脑挫伤;脑挫伤出现的区域主要受颅骨变形所引发的颅脑相对位移的影响,其导致的较高的颅内正压力、较大的脑组织剪切应变或主应变均会引发脑挫伤;此外,脑组织的惯性作用会加剧脑挫伤的严重程度;小猪脑挫伤特点与从医院获取的真实事故中低龄儿童的脑挫伤特点具有较好的一致性。研究结果有助于低龄儿童脑挫伤评价准则的建立及相关防护策略的提出。Head-impact deceleration conditions resulting from traffic accidents and falls have a significant probability of inducing brain contusions,posing a significant threat to the lives of low-age children.However,specific characteristics of brain contusions in low-age children remain unclear.Given the challenges in obtaining samples from child cadavers,this study utilized piglets as surrogates to investigate the characteristics of brain contusions under head-impact deceleration conditions through a combination of tests and simulations.First,free-fall drop impact tests were conducted on piglets to induce brain contusions,and a detailed analysis of their characteristics was performed.Subsequently,a finite element model of the piglet head was developed to simulate the impacts based on the experimental conditions.By comparing the simulation results with the brain contusion areas obtained from the tests,mechanical metrics that could describe the brain contusions were identified.The injury-induced process was also analyzed based on the contours of these identified metrics within the brain tissue.Finally,the characteristics of brain contusions in piglets were compared with those observed in real-world cases of low-age children obtained from hospitals.These results indicate that brain contusions typically manifest in the surrounding areas beneath the impact site and can be categorized as coup injuries.Three mechanical metrics-intracranial pressure,maximum shear strain,and maximum principal strain of the brain tissue-are found to be effective in describing brain contusions.The brain contusion area is mainly influenced by the relative displacement between the skull and the brain caused by skull deformation.Higher positive intracranial pressure and larger shear strain or principal strain in brain tissue can lead to brain contusions.Additionally,the inertia of brain tissue can exacerbate the severity of brain contusions.The characteristics of brain contusions in piglets are consistent with those observed in real-world cases of lo

关 键 词：汽车工程 头部碰撞 代理模型 脑挫伤 自由坠落冲击试验 有限元分析 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]