汽车-波形梁护栏碰撞非线性理论计算方法研究  

Study on Calculation Methods of Nonlinear Theory for Vehicle-corrugated Beam Guardrail Collision

作　　者：贾宁[1] 王兴超 吴克麒 贡金鑫[2] JIA Ning;WANG Xing-chao;WU Ke-qi;GONG Jin-xin(Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China;Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088 [2]大连理工大学建设工程学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第3期200-209,共10页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：交通运输部公路科学研究所(院)科技创新专项资金项目(QG2021-3-11-1)。

摘　　要：波形梁护栏是中国使用最广泛的护栏形式之一。当汽车因故障、意外或驾驶人操作不当偏离正常行车道时,波形梁护栏可以防止车辆越出道路以避免严重事故的发生,因此护栏在汽车撞击下的阻挡功能,对于道路安全十分重要。目前常采用实车足尺碰撞试验或有限元方法来评估护栏的阻挡功能,成本高昂。为了解决这一问题,提出估计波形梁护栏在汽车撞击下的最大侧向位移的简化理论模型。建立整体坐标系及固连于汽车的局部坐标系,并将波形梁护栏板简化为仅承受拉力的索,而后基于力的平衡条件、材料与构件的本构关系及位移协调条件,进行护栏板与立柱群的静力学分析及汽车的动力学分析,得到求解整体系统动力学响应的非线性方程组,该方程组可通过牛顿迭代法和中心差分法进行求解。上述分析过程考虑了护栏板和立柱的屈服及卸载过程、螺栓孔洞对护栏板的削弱及汽车与地面的侧向摩擦。最后,通过通用有限元软件LS-DYNA对提出的简化模型进行验证,理论计算结果均小于仿真结果,误差平均值为13.11%。结果表明:提出的理论模型可以准确地估计汽车与波形梁护栏碰撞的最大动侧移,相比传统的有限元计算方式,大幅度降低计算的时间成本,提供一种便于使用的波形梁护栏阻挡功能设计评价方法。The corrugated beam guardrail is one of the most widely used types of guardrails in China.When the vehicle deviates from the normal lane as a result of malfunctions,accidents or improper operations,the guardrail prevents the vehicle from running off the road,thereby mitigating the occurrence of severe accidents.Therefore,the eligible containment performance of the guardrail is critical for ensuring roadway safety.At present,full-scale impact tests and finite element analysis are often employed to evaluate the containment performance of guardrail,which are costly.To address this issue,a simplified computational model was developed to estimate the maximum lateral displacement of the corrugated beam guardrail under the vehicle impact in this paper.The global coordinate system of the guardrail and the local coordinate system fixed to the vehicle were established,and the corrugated beam guardrail was simplified into a cable that only bears tension.Then,by integrating equilibrium conditions of forces,constitutive relationships of materials and members,and displacements coordination conditions,the static analysis of the rails and posts and dynamic analysis of the vehicle were carried out and then a nonlinear equation set for solving the dynamic response of the overall system was established.The nonlinear equations were solved by the Newton method and central difference method.Finally,the simplified model proposed was validated using the general-purpose finite element software LS-DYNA.The theoretical calculation results were all lower than the simulation results,with an average error of 13.11%.The results show that the proposed theoretical model can accurately estimate the dynamic maximum lateral deflection of the corrugated beam guardrail and greatly reduce the time cost of the calculation,which provides a convenient method for designing and evaluating the containment performance of the corrugated beam guardrail.

关 键 词：交通工程 波形梁护栏 非线性理论计算 碰撞 最大侧向位移 

分 类 号：U417.12[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]