诗歌《废毁的农舍》中的生态思想  

Ecological Ideas in The Ruined Cottage

作　　者：庄严 ZHUANG Yan

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学英语学院,重庆400031

出　　处：《外国语文》2025年第2期93-103,共11页Foreign Languages and Literature

摘　　要：国内外评论家对华兹华斯的经典诗歌《废毁的农舍》中的人物塑造、叙事视角、主题思想进行了多角度深入的研究和分析。有学者认为华兹华斯深受如画审美影响,他的诗歌缺乏对自然基于同情、热爱和尊重的伦理关怀。乔纳森·贝特(Jonathan Bate)对华兹华斯生态思想有“实用主义”的定性。换句话说,华兹华斯并不是追求空洞的理想,而是强调在具体的社会背景下如何解决实际问题。《废毁的农舍》中关于资源的耗尽的背后,是土地制度变更及人与森林资源的根本关系的改变;资源的匮乏蕴含了人们对福利制度和生产效率关系的思考;资源的泛滥更体现了人们对“枯竭”概念的独特思考。本文认为该诗依然蕴含了超前其时代的生态意识及对自然的深切伦理关怀。这些思想依然对实现人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代性具有很强的借鉴意义。Domestic and international critics have conducted in-depth research and analysis from multiple perspectives on the characterization,narrative viewpoint,and thematic ideas in William Wordsworth's classic poem The Ruined Cottage.Some scholars argue that Wordsworth was deeply influenced by picturesque aesthetics.His poetry,they claim,lacks an ethical concern for nature,a view which is based on sympathy,love,and respect.Jonathan Bate has characterized Wordsworth's ecological thought as"pragmatic".In other words,Wordsworth was not pursuing hollow ideals,but rather emphasizing how to address practical issues within a specific social context.In The Ruined Cottage,the depletion of resources reflects the change in land system and the change in human's relation with forest resources.The scarcity of resources mirrors people's reflections on the balance of welfare systems with production efficiency.The excess of resources further highlights people's unique insight on the concept of"depletion".This paper believes that the poem not without heightened ecological awareness and a deep ethical concern for nature,which remains highly relevant for achieving harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in the drive for Chinese modernization.

关 键 词：《废毁的农舍》 资源耗尽 资源匮乏 资源泛滥 伦理关怀 借鉴意义 

分 类 号：I561.072[文学—其他各国文学]