黄河流域治理状态识别与对策分析  

Identification of governance status and countermeasures based on sediment transport modulus and water quality index in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：高海东[1,2] 易琦 贾莲莲[3] 徐国策[1] 任宗萍[1] 庞国伟[4] GAO Haidong;YI Qi;JIA Lianlian;XU Guoce;REN Zongping;PANG Guowei(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau,Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Xi'an 710021,China;College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]西安理工大学土木建筑工程学院,西安710048 [3]黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,西安710021 [4]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127

出　　处：《地理学报》2025年第3期778-792,共15页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42177336)。

摘　　要：在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略指引下,亟需综合分析黄河流域水土流失和水环境综合变化特征,明确黄河流域治理状态,推进二者协同治理。本文广泛收集了黄河流域输沙量、水质监测、土地利用以及社会经济等数据,构建了输沙模数与水质指数二维空间,明确了黄河流域水土流失与水环境特征及其影响因素,识别了黄河主要支流的治理状态并提出了治理对策。结果表明:①2011—2020年黄河流域264个水文站多年平均输沙模数变化于0~4893 t/km^(2)之间,输沙模数较高的流域集中在头道拐—潼关区间;276个水质监测断面中,水质状况极好和良好的断面共计173个,占所有监测断面数量的63%。②输沙模数和黄土覆盖区面积占比、植被恢复速度、梯田与坝地面积占比、耕地占比(坡度>8°)等因素呈极显著(p<0.01)正相关;水质指数与黄土覆盖区面积占比、植被恢复速度以及梯田与坝地面积占比呈极显著(p<0.01)负相关。③在输沙模数—水质指数二维空间中将黄河流域60个主要支流分为生态清洁型、侵蚀治理为主型、水质改善为主型以及水质侵蚀兼治型4个类别。④构建梯田占8°以上耕地面积占比、淤地坝建设强度以及植被恢复指数等3个指标,对16条输沙模数>500 t/(km2 a)的支流确定了水土流失治理方向;在30个水质指数小于80的支流中,确定了总磷和氨氮是其主要污染物,并提出了防治对策。研究成果为黄河水沙与水质协同管理带来新见解,为黄河流域贯彻“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”的治水思路提供新建议。Under the guidance of the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy for the Yellow River Basin,it is essential to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of soil erosion and changes in the water environment in order to identify the governance status and promote coordinated management in this region.This study collects comprehensive data on sediment transport,water quality monitoring,land use and socio-economic factors across the Yellow River Basin,and constructs a two-dimensional space of sediment transport modulus and water quality index.It identifies the characteristics of soil erosion and water environment and their influencing factors,and classifies the governance status of the main tributaries of the Yellow River and proposes relevant management strategies.The results show that:(1)The long-term average sediment transport modulus for 264 hydrological stations in the study area from 2011 to 2020 varies from 0 to 4893 t/km^(2).Areas with high sediment transport modules are concentrated between the Toudaoguai and Tongguan sections.Of the 276 water quality monitoring sites,173 sites(63%)have good or excellent water quality.(2)The sediment transport modulus is significantly positively correlated(p<0.01)with factors such as the ratio of area covered by loess,the rate of vegetation restoration,the ratio of terraces and dam farmlands,and the proportion of farmland with slopes greater than 8°.The water quality index is significantly negatively correlated(p<0.01)with factors such as the ratio of area covered by loess,the rate of vegetation restoration,the ratio of terraces and dam farmlands.(3)In the sediment transport modulus-water quality index space,60 major tributaries of the Yellow River were classified into four types:ecologically clean type,erosion control dominant type,water quality improvement dominant type,and integrated erosion control and water quality management type.(4)An indicator system was developed based on three key indicators:the proportion of terraced farmland with slopes gre

关 键 词：黄河流域 输沙模数 水质指数 流域治理 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]