手术期间患儿压力性损伤危险因素评估量表的信效度检验  

Reliability and Validity Test of the Risk Factors Assessment Scale for Pressure Injuries in Children During Surgery

作　　者：方志豪 陈恬 卓青 陈雪莲 陈秋玉 FANG Zhihao;CHEN Tian;ZHUO Qing;CHEN Xuelian;CHEN Qiuyu(Operating Room,Fujian Children's Hospital(Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center)/Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou Fujian 350000,China;Department of Anesthesiology,Fujian Children's Hospital(Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center)/Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou Fujian 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省儿童医院(上海儿童医学中心福建医院)/福建医科大学妇儿临床医学院手术室,福建福州350000 [2]福建省儿童医院(上海儿童医学中心福建医院)/福建医科大学妇儿临床医学院麻醉科,福建福州350000

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2025年第4期39-44,共6页China Health Standard Management

基　　金：福建医科大学启航基金项目(2022QH1222);2022年福建省儿童医院科技创新启动基金(新竹青年护理人才培养计划)课题(儿童YCXH202203)。

摘　　要：目的 制订患儿压力性损伤危险因素评估量表,以科学高效地辅助护理人员实时精准评估风险。方法 参考成熟评估量表,结合患儿手术数据设计评估表。于2023年7—11月在福建省儿童医院随机选取96例儿科手术患儿进行评估,采用信效度评估确保工具的可靠性和有效性。结果 信度检验:该评估量表的内在一致性信度Cronbach's α系数为0.772,2个维度分别为0.852、0.814。分半信度:前半部分SpearmanBrown系数为0.905,后半部分Spearman-Brown系数为0.728。在效度检验方面:首先,内容效度评估结果显示,量表各条目内容效度指数为0.828~1.000,内容贴合度高;而总体内容效度指数达到0.947,其内容具有有效性。其次,结构效度分析通过执行探索性因素分析,辨识并提取了2个主要因子,这2个因子共同解释了数据变异性的61.261%,且所有条目在各自因子上的载荷量均> 0.4,共同性均> 0.2,满足结构效度要求。结论 已完成评估量表编制,信效度良好,适用于指导手术患儿压力性损伤风险评估及为后期相关标准制订提供借鉴。Objective To develop the risk factors assessment scale for pressure injuries in children,aiming to scientifically and efficiently assist nursing staff in real-time and accurate risk evaluation.Methods The evaluation table was designed with reference to the maturity assessment scale and combined with children's surgical data. A total of 96 pediatric surgical children were randomly selected in Fujian Children's Hospital from July to November 2023 for evaluation, and reliability and validity evaluation was used to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the tool. Results Reliability assessment revealed a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.772 for the overall scale, with dimensions at 0.852 and 0.814 respectively. Split-half reliability was also satisfactory, with Spearman-Brown coefficients of 0.905 for the first half and 0.728 for the second half. For validity, content validity assessment showed item-content validity indices ranging from 0.828 to 1.000, reflecting high relevance, and a scale-level content validity index of 0.947, confirming content validity. Secondly, structural validity analysis identified and extracted two main factors through the execution of exploratory factor analysis. These two factors together explained 61.261% of the data variance, and all items had loadings greater than 0.4 on their respective factors, with communalities greater than 0.2, meeting the requirements for structural validity. Conclusion The evaluation scale has been completed and the reliability and validity are good, which is suitable for guiding the risk assessment of stress injury in surgical children and the formulation of relevant standards.

关 键 词：患儿 围手术期 压力性损伤 评估量表 信效度检验 手术室护理 

分 类 号：R726[医药卫生—儿科]