基于IMB模型的广西农村老年人艾滋病高危行为同伴教育干预效果比较分析  

Comparative analysis of the intervention effects of peer education on high-risk behaviors of HIV/AIDS among the rural elderly in Guangxi based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model

作　　者：孟繁文[1] 赵文静 王丹晖 卓小康 郭振友 MENG Fanwen;ZHAO Wenjing;WANG Danhui;ZHUO Xiaokang;GUO Zhenyou(Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Liuzhou 545000,China;School of Humanities and Management,Guilin Medical College,Guilin 541199,China;Liuzhou People's Hospital,Liuzhou 545000.China)

机构地区：[1]柳州市疾病预防控制中心,广西柳州545000 [2]桂林医学院人文与管理学院,广西桂林541199 [3]柳州市人民医院,广西柳州545000

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2025年第3期278-282,共5页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:“基于整合IMB模型的广西农村老年人艾滋病高危行为与干预研究”(72064011)。

摘　　要：目的探索基于IMB模型的同伴教育在老年人艾滋病高危性行为干预中的效果,为老年人艾滋病健康教育工作的开展提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,随机抽取广西艾滋病高发地区农村老年人1200名,以村为单位随机分成同伴教育组和传统教育组,分别开展为期6个月的健康教育干预。基于IMB理论模型,设计调查问卷,干预前后,两组人群分别采用统一的问卷进行现场调查;通过倾向值评分匹配的方法消除混杂因素的影响,采用Epi Data 3.1、SPSS 26.0等软件对调查资料进行整理与统计分析。结果经倾向值评分匹配后,同伴教育组和传统教育组分别匹配成功532名老年人。干预前两组老年人的社会人口学特征、IMB模型各维度得分及高危性行为特征差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后两组老年人IMB模型各维度得分均较干预前有显著提高(P<0.01);且同伴教育组的得分均较传统教育组高(P<0.01)。与干预前相比,同伴教育组和传统教育组在干预后,多性伴行为的发生率分别从44.26%、51.60%下降到25.00%、23.66%(P<0.01);干预后,同伴教育组的婚外性行为发生率(63.16%)低于传统教育组(69.92%),且安全套使用率(45.83%)高于传统教育组(37.23%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论IMB模型在广西农村老年人艾滋病高危行为干预中具有良好的应用价值,但对不同高危行为的干预效果存在差异;同伴教育在老年人艾滋病高危行为中的干预效果优于传统的健康教育方式。在今后的老年人艾滋病健康教育中,应积极探索和推广同伴教育,特别是要倡导多种健康相关行为改变理论的联合应用,不断提升健康教育的干预效果。Objective To explore the effect of peer education based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills(IMB)model in the intervention of AIDS high-risk sexual behaviors among the elderly and to provide a scientific basis for the development of AIDS health education for the elderly.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1200 rural elderly individuals from AIDS-prone areas in Guangxi.The elderly were randomly divided into a peer education group and a traditional education group in a village,and a health education intervention was conducted for 6 months.A survey questionnaire was designed based on the IMB theory model.Before and after the intervention,the two groups were surveyed onsite using a unified questionnaire.The influence of confounding factors was eliminated through propensity score matching,and survey data were organized and statistically analyzed using Epidata 3.1and SPSS version 26.0 software.Results After propensity score matching,532 older adults were successfully matched between the peer education and traditional education groups.There was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in the social demographic characteristics,IMB model scores,and high-risk sexual behavior characteristics between the two groups of elderly people before intervention.After intervention,the scores of each dimension in IMB model of the two groups of elderly people were significantly improved(P<0.01),and the scores of the peer education group were higher than those of the traditional education group(P<0.01).Compared with before intervention,the incidence of multiple sexual partner behaviors decreased from 44.26%and 51.60%in the peer education group and the traditional education group,respectively,to 25.00%and 23.66%after intervention(P<0.01).After intervention,the incidence of extramarital sex in the peer education group(63.16%)was lower than that in the traditional education group(69.92%),and the condom use rate(45.83%)was higher than that in the traditional education group(37.23%),with s

关 键 词：艾滋病 信息-动机-行为技巧模型 老年人 同伴教育 评价 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]