陕北风沙滩区地表植被对地下水埋深的响应  

Response of Surface Vegetation to Groundwater Depth in the Blown-Sand Region of Northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：聂卫波[1] 农晓星 范玉露 马孝义[2] 吴久江 王永强 NIE Weibo;NONG Xiaoxing;FAN Yulu;MA Xiaoyi;WU Jiujiang;WANG Yongqiang(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2025年第1期169-181,共13页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279043);陕西省教育厅重点实验室基金项目(20JS099)。

摘　　要：为探究陕北风沙滩区地表植被覆盖度和优势种对地下水埋深的响应关系,以陕北风沙滩区2004~2019年地下水监测井数据和遥感影像等资料为基础,分析了地表植被覆盖度和地下水埋深的时空变化特征,提出了地下水埋深对地表植被覆盖度影响较为敏感的范围,以及典型优势种适生的地下水埋深.结果表明:2004~2019年研究区域地表植被覆盖度由中低向中等覆盖度转变,整体呈现由WS向EN递增趋势;研究区域地下水埋深整体呈增加趋势,其中埋深减小区域集中在横山区、榆阳区和神木市,增大区域分布在定边县和靖边县;地表植被覆盖度大多为30%~50%,其中地下水埋深对地表植被覆盖度影响较为敏感的范围为1.5~8.0m;研究区域先锋植物、芨芨草、长芒、大针茅、短花针茅等典型优势种适生的地下水埋深分别为2.12~3.38m、1.53~2.97m、3.14~6.44m、4.58~5.93m和4.76~5.34m.研究结果可用于陕北风沙滩区不同地下水埋深条件下的植被恢复,为其生态环境的健康发展提供依据.To investigate the relationship between fractional vegetation cover of surface and dominant species in response to groundwater depth in the blown-sand region of northern Shaanxi Province,the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of fractional vegetation cover and groundwater depth were analyzed based on the data of groundwater monitoring wells and remote sensing images from 2004 to 2019.The range of groundwater depth that is more sensitive to the influence of fractional vegetation cover,as well as the depth of groundwater in which the typical dominant species are suitable for growing were proposed.The results indicated that the fractional vegetation cover of surface shifted from medium-low to medium cover from 2004 to 2019,with an overall increasing trend from southwest to northeast.The overall trend of groundwater depth in the study area is increasing,with decreasing groundwater depth area mainly concentrated in Hengshan district,Yuyang district and Shenmu city,and increasing groundwater depth area distributed in Dingbian and Jingbian counties.Most of the fractional vegetation cover is mainly in the range from 30%to 50%,in which the sensitive range of groundwater depth to the influence of fractional vegetation cover is 1.5~8.0m.The suitable groundwater depth for the typical dominant species such as Pioneer plant,Achnesis splendens,Longgrass,Stipa grandis,and Stipa breviflora in the study area ranged from 2.12~3.38m,1.53~2.97m,3.14~6.44m,4.58~5.93m,and 4.76~5.34m,respectively.The results can be used for vegetation restoration under different groundwater depth conditions in the blown-sand region of northern Shaanxi Province,and providing basis for the healthy development of its ecological environment.

关 键 词：陕北风沙滩区 地下水埋深 植被覆盖度 优势种 遥感 时空变化 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]