清代北部边疆茶叶贸易形成的供求分析  

Analysis of Supply and Demand of Tea Trade in the Chinese NorthernBorderland of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王来喜 付为政 Wang Lai xi;Fu Wei zheng(School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010022,China;School of Ethnology and Anthropology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学经济管理学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学(蒙文版)》2025年第1期47-53,159,共8页Social Sciences of Inner Mongolia:Mongolian Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清代北部边疆丝路贸易多语种档案资料整理与研究”(编号:22&ZD228)。

摘　　要：茶叶因其独特的使用价值和商业价值,在政治、经济、文化、民生等各个方面表现出熏要效用。清政府通过“以茶治边”赋予茶叶政治性功能。茶叶被贩运至北疆市场后,在充当交换媒介、充裕国课以及饮茶习俗、宗教文化等方面,又表现出经济属性和社会文化功能。从供给的角度而言,清代茶业生产关系的变化对茶叶大规模生产起到促进作用,茶叶种植和生产规模空前发展。茶商资本由流通领域进入到生产领域,在制茶、包装、运输等技术上有了较大提升。清代北疆地区修建的台站、驿路等基础设施为茶商贸易提供了保障。晚清时期轮船、公路、铁路的通行,缩短了商人办茶、运茶、贩茶的周期,加快了茶商资本流转的速度。往返于南北方的旅蒙茶商将茶叶的生产区与消费区连接起来。边疆与内地各民族共同参与的茶业经贸活动为清代全国统一市场的形成奠定了基础,促进了茶路沿线地区的经济发展,增进了各民族的交往交流交融。Because of its unique use value and commercial value,tea plays an important role in politics,economy,culture and people's livelihood.The Qing government endows tea with political functions through using tea to govern the borderland.After tea is trafficked to the northern borderland market it shows economic attributes and socio-cultural functions in terms of acting as an exchange medium,filling the state treasury,and drinking tea customs and religious culture.From the aspect of supply,the changes in the production relations of the tea industry during the Qing Dynasty promoted the large-scale production of tea and the scale of tea planting and production reached an unprecedented level.The capital of tea merchants entered the production field from the circulation field,and there were significant improvements teamaking,packaging,and transportation technology.The infrastructure such as the post stations and roads built in the northern border areas of the Qing Dynasty provided a guarantee for the trade of tea merchants.The passage of steamboats,highways and railways in the late Qing Dynasty shortened the cycle of merchants tea making,tea transporting and tea selling,accelerated the speed of capital turnover of tea merchants.The tea merchants traveling back and forth between the north and the south connected the production area of tea with the consumption area.The tea industry economic trade participated by various ethnic groups in the borderland and inland laid the foundation for the formation of the unified market in the Qing Dynasty,promoted the economic development of areas along the tea route,and promoted the exchange,interaction and integration of various ethnic groups.

关 键 词：清代 北部边疆 茶叶贸易 供求 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]