关于“margan”一词的词源探讨  

On the Etymology of the Word Margan

作　　者：巴图欧其尔·吾再 Batuouqier·Wuzai(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Chinese Languages and Literatures of Ethnic Minorities,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou Gansu 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081 [2]西北民族大学中国少数民族语言文学部

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学(蒙文版)》2025年第1期109-114,166,共7页Social Sciences of Inner Mongolia:Mongolian Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项团队项目“中国北方少数民族濒危语言的调查实验研究”(编号:21VJXT012);国家社科基金青年项目“中国境内图瓦语词汇调查研究”(编号:19CYY037)。

摘　　要：基于图瓦语、哈卡斯语、图法拉尔语、雅库特语、阿尔泰语等北部突厥语族语言和满一通古斯语族语言的语料,论证“margan”一词不是蒙古语特有的词,而是蒙古语族和突厥语族乃至整个阿尔泰语系语言共有的同源词,不存在互相借入的问题。在现代蒙古语和现有的蒙古文文献材料中所保留的“聪明、明智、卜卦、占卜”等词义是该词的引申义,其原义与“用来投掷的木棒类工具”有关。随着词义的演变,该词的原义已消失。阿尔泰语系突厥语族北部(图瓦一哈卡斯)语支的图瓦语、哈卡斯语和图法拉尔语等语言仍保留着该词的merge、mige、merxe等原始词根,且有很强的构词能力。“morgon”一词的语音演变过程可以构拟为berk^(h)en→merk^(h)en→margan/mergin。Based on language materials from northern Turkic languages such as Tuva,Khakas,Tufalar,Yakut,and Altaic,as well as Manchu Tungusic languages,it argues that the word margan is not a unique word in Mongolian,but a common cognate word among Mongolian,Turkic,and even the entire Altaic language family,and there is no problem of borrowing from each other.The extended meanings of the word smart,wise,divining,divining preserved in modern Mongolian language and existing Mongolian literature materials are related to wooden tools used for throwing.With the evolution of its meaning,the original meaning of the word has disappeared.The Tuva,Khakas,and Tufaral languages of the northern Turkic language family(Tuva Khakas)in the Altaic language family retain the original roots of the word,such as merge,mirge,and merxe have strong word formation abilities.The phonetic evolution process of the word margan can be constructed as follows:berk^(h)en→merk^(h)en→margan/mergin.

关 键 词："margan" 阿尔泰语系语言 同源词 语音形式构拟 

分 类 号：H212[语言文字—少数民族语言]