能源成本与工业行业碳减排:用能效率和用能结构的视角  

Energy Costs and the Carbon Abatement in the Industrial Sector:From the Perspectives of Energy Efficiency and Energy Structures

作　　者：孙宛霖 王小军[2] 王分棉[1] SUN Wanlin;WANG Xiaojun;WANG Fenmian(Business School,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029;Alumni Association,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学北京企业国际化经营研究基地、国际商学院,北京100029 [2]对外经济贸易大学校友总会,北京100029

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期151-160,共10页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘双碳’目标下数字技术和碳账户协同推进制造业绿色创新研究”(23AJL016)。

摘　　要：工业行业作为碳减排的主战场,是中国实现“双碳”目标的关键抓手,而能源成本是促进其节能减排的重要因素。文章基于用能结构和能源价格加权折算出各工业行业的能源成本,实证研究了能源成本对工业行业碳减排的影响和作用机制。研究发现,能源成本上升会显著降低工业行业碳排放总量和碳排放强度,该结论在进行了外生冲击检验和稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析显示,能源成本上升一方面会诱发工业行业技术创新,从而提高用能效率,在生产过程中降低工业行业碳排放;另一方面会促进工业行业智能化转型,从而优化用能结构,在用能源头上降低工业行业碳排放。异质性分析表明,能源成本在劳动力密集型、高贸易暴露和低创新行业中的碳减排效应更强。有鉴于此,应加快推动能源市场化改革,基于行业特征因地制宜引导工业企业提升用能效率和优化用能结构,有效发挥能源成本对工业行业的碳减排效应。The industrial sector is the primary arena for China to achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,with energy costs serving as an important driver for energy conservation and emission reduction.This study uses a weighted calculation of energy costs,taking into account the structure of energy consumption and variations in energy prices,to empirically investigate the mechanism through which energy costs affect industrial carbon emissions.The results show that:(1)An escalation in energy costs significantly reduces both the total carbon emissions and the carbon emission intensity of the industrial sector.This finding remains robust to exogenous shock analysis and robustness checks.(2)In terms of impact mechanisms,the impetus for carbon abatement from energy costs operates through two channels.First,higher energy costs stimulate technological progress in the industrial sector,thereby increasing energy efficiency and consequently reducing the quantity and intensity of carbon emissions during production processes.Second,higher energy costs encourage the transition to intelligent industrial practices that optimize energy structures and thus reduce carbon emissions from energy consumption.(3)Heterogeneous analysis reveals that the carbon abatement effect of energy costs is stronger in labor-intensive,highly trade-exposed,and low-innovation industries.These findings underline the need to accelerate energy market reforms,to tailor energy efficiency enhancement and structural optimization strategies to industry specifications,and to effectively exploit the potential of energy costs for carbon abatement in the industrial sector.

关 键 词：能源成本 工业行业 碳减排 用能效率 用能结构 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]