延长孵育试管法在新生儿ABO血型抗体检测中的应用  

Application of prolonged incubation tube method in detection of ABO blood group antibodies in neonates

作　　者：徐春柳 蔡兴权[1] 陈德娟[1] 吴巨峰[1] XU Chun-Liu;CAI Xing-quan;CHEN De-juan;WU Ju-feng(Department of Blood Transfusion,Hainan General Hospital(Hainan Medical University Hainan Hospital),Haikou 570311,Hainan,CHINA)

机构地区：[1]海南省人民医院海南医科大学附属海南医院输血科,海南海口570311

出　　处：《海南医学》2025年第8期1150-1153,共4页Hainan Medical Journal

基　　金：海南省卫生健康行业科研项目(编号:22A200224)。

摘　　要：目的探讨延长孵育试管法在新生儿期ABO血型抗体检测中的应用效果。方法选取2023年1~12月在海南省人民医院产科出生<28d的新生儿EDTA抗凝管标本,采用延长孵育试管法对新生儿ABO血型抗体进行检测,并使用试管倍比稀释法进行血型IgM型抗体效价测定。结果103例标本中ABO血型正定型为A型者26例,其中抗-B者13例(50.00%);正定型为B型者23例,其中抗-A者19例(82.61%);正定型为O型者54例,其中抗-A者47例(87.04%),抗-B者有43例(79.63%)。已检出有血型抗体的新生儿标本共79例(76.70%),其中血型为A型抗-B凝集强度1+者10例(76.92%),IgM型抗-B抗体效价在2者5例(38.46%);血型为B型抗-A凝集强度1+者13例(68.42%),IgM型抗-A抗体效价在2者8例(42.11%);血型为O型,抗-B凝集强度1+者31例(72.09%),IgM型抗-B抗体效价在2者21例(48.84%),抗-A凝集强度1+者28例(59.57%),IgM型抗-A抗体效价在2者19例(40.43%)。母亲血型为A型者8例,新生儿检出血型抗体3例(37.50%);母亲血型为B型者7例,新生儿检出血型抗体2例(28.57%);母亲血型为O型者86例,新生儿检出血型抗体77例(89.53%);母亲血型为AB型者2例,新生儿均未检出血型抗体。早产儿组新生儿22例,检出血型抗体12例(54.55%);足月儿组新生儿81例,检出血型抗体67例(82.71%)。结论ABO血型为B型抗-A检出率高于A型抗-B检出率,检出的凝集强度大多数在1+左右,效价主要集中在2。O型母亲所生新生儿血型抗体检出率最高,足月儿组新生儿的血型抗体检出率明显高于早产儿组。通过新生儿血型抗体检出率的结果可知,延长孵育试管法能够有效提高新生儿的血型抗体检出效果。Objective To explore the efficacy of the prolonged incubation tube method in detecting ABO blood group antibodies in neonates.Methods EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples from neonates(<28 days old)born in the Department of Obstetrics at Hainan General Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected.The prolonged incu-bation tube method was used to detect ABO blood group antibodies,and the IgM antibody titers were measured using the tube serial dilution method.Results Among the 103 samples,26 were blood type A,of which 13(50.00%)had anti-B an-tibodies;23 were blood type B,of which 19(82.61%)had anti-A antibodies;and 54 were blood type O,of which 47(87.04%)had anti-A antibodies and 43(79.63%)had anti-B antibodies.A total of 79(76.70%)neonates tested positive for blood group antibodies.Among them:for blood type A with anti-B antibodies,10(76.92%)showed 1+agglutination strength,and 5(38.46%)had an IgM anti-B antibody titer of 2;for blood type B with anti-A antibodies,13(68.42%)showed 1+agglutination strength,and 8(42.11%)had an IgM anti-A antibody titer of 2;for blood type O,31(72.09%)with anti-B antibodies showed 1+agglutination strength and 21(48.84%)had an IgM anti-B antibody titer of 2,28(59.57%)with anti-A antibodies showed 1+agglutination strength,and 19(40.43%)had an IgM anti-A antibody titer of 2.Regarding maternal blood types:among 8 mothers with blood type A,3(37.50%)neonates tested positive for antibodies;among 7 mothers with blood type B,2(28.57%)neonates tested positive for antibodies;among 86 mothers with blood type O,77(89.53%)neonates tested positive for antibodies;Among 2 mothers with blood type AB,no neonates tested positive for antibodies.In the preterm group(22 neonates),12(54.55%)tested positive for antibodies,whereas in the full-term group(81 neonates),67(82.71%)tested positive.Conclusion The detection rate of anti-A antibodies in blood type B ne-onates was higher than that of anti-B antibodies in blood type A neonates.Most agglutination strengths were around 1+,and titers were mainly concent

关 键 词：新生儿 ABO血型抗体 凝集强度 抗体效价 

分 类 号：R457.11[医药卫生—治疗学]