重庆洛碛厨余垃圾干式厌氧发酵技术工程应用探究  

Exploration on the Application of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Technology for Kitchen Waste in Chongqing Luoqi

作　　者：刘彬 张森 王立彤 LIU Bin;ZHANG Sen;WANG Litong(Tianjin JC Environmental Services Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300385)

机构地区：[1]天津建昌环保股份有限公司,天津300385

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2025年第2期55-63,共9页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

摘　　要：干式厌氧发酵技术是处理厨余垃圾的有效方法之一,能够实现垃圾的减量化、资源化和无害化,同时具有较低的能耗和环境影响。在重庆洛碛厨余垃圾处理项目中,通过设备引进和技术开发,卧式推流单轴搅拌干式厌氧发酵成套技术应用成功,获得重要技术进展。在2024年的连续运行中,各单元运行稳定高效,工艺参数平稳控制,获得了大量的技术数据。日均单位垃圾产气量为119.06 m^(3)/t,日均容积产气率为5.44 m^(3)/m^(3),沼气组分稳定在55%~65%;有效控制脱水残渣的产生量和含固率,脱水残渣量/进料量始终控制在40%以下;沼液量少,沼液的含固率稳定低于1%。通过数据分析得到了干式厌氧发酵技术的关键控制指标:进料挥发性固体负荷(以VS计)平均值为10.50 kg/(m^(3)·d);挥发性固体分解率平均值为77.39%;单位分解的挥发性固体产甲烷量(以VS计)平均值为472.58 L/kg。目前,我国高含固率垃圾物料的厌氧处理技术的理论研究尚不完备,项目运行中大部分不能达标达产,本研究可为我国干式厌氧发酵工艺研究提供理论和数据依据,也可为干式厌氧发酵技术在我国厨余垃圾领域应用和推广提供技术支撑。Dry anaerobic fermentation technology is one of the effective methods for treating kitchen waste,which can achieve waste reduction,resource utilization,and harmlessness,with low energy consumption and environmental impact.In the Chongqing Luoqi kitchen waste treatment project,the complete set of horizontal push flow single axis stirring dry anaerobic fermentation technology has been successfully applied through equipment introduction and technology development,achieving important technological progress.In the continuous operation in 2024,each unit operated stably and efficiently,with stable control of process parameters,and obtained a large amount of technical data.The daily average unit production of garbage biogas was 119.06 m^(3)/t,with a volumetric gas production rate of 5.44 m^(3)/m^(3),and the biogas components were stable at 55%to 65%.The production and solid content of dehydrated residue were effectively controlled,and the ratio of dehydrated residue to feed quantity was always controlled below 40%.The amount of biogas slurry was small,and the solid content of biogas slurry was stable below 1%.The key technical control indicators of dry anaerobic fermentation technology were obtained through data analysis,with an average feed volatile solid load(measured by VS)of 10.50 kg/(m^(3)·d).The average decomposition rate of volatile solids was 77.39%,and the average methane production(measured by VS)from volatile solids decomposed per unit was 472.58 L/kg.At present,the theoretical research on anaerobic treatment technology for high solid content waste materials in China is not yet complete,and most of the application projects cannot meet the production standards.Therefore,this study can provide theoretical and data basis for the research of dry anaerobic fermentation process in China,and also provide technical support for the promotion of dry anaerobic fermentation technology application in the field of kitchen waste in China.

关 键 词：垃圾分类 厨余垃圾 干式厌氧 卧式推流单轴搅拌器 挥发性固体 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]