植物孤雌生殖研究进展:助力无融合生殖走向应用  

Progress on plant parthenogenesis:promoting the application of synthetic apomixis

作　　者：姬亚捷 熊杰 邱先进[1] 王克剑 Yajie Ji;Jie Xiong;Xianjin Qiu;Kejian Wang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,China;China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China;National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,荆州434000 [2]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006 [3]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,三亚572025

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第4期448-455,共8页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院南繁专项(编号:YBXM2433);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(编号:CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI)资助。

摘　　要：无融合生殖(apomixis)是指植物不经过正常的减数分裂和精卵融合形成胚和克隆种子的一种无性生殖方式。通过无融合生殖方式产生的后代在遗传上与母本植株完全一致,且基因型不随世代更迭而改变,性状也不发生分离。若能成功将无融合生殖引入主要农作物中,实现农作物杂种优势的永久固定,将产生显著的经济效益。孤雌生殖是人工无融合生殖中的关键一环,可以将有性生殖变成单性生殖。本文对近年来植物孤雌生殖基因的研究进行了总结,对已经挖掘到的孤雌生殖基因在单倍体育种以及无融合生殖体系上的应用进行了综述,以便更加深入、全面地了解孤雌生殖,进而为孤雌生殖在无融合生殖中的应用提供重要参考。Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where embryos and clone seeds are formed directly without meiosis and fertilization.The progenies generated through apomixis are genetically identical to the maternal plants,and the genotypes does not change across generations,and the phenotypes do not undergo segregation.Successful introduction of apomixis into major crops and permanent,can achieve the permanent fixation of crop heterosis,will resulting in significant economic benefits.Parthenogenesis constitutes a pivotal component in artificial apomixis,facilitating the transition from sexual reproduction to unisexual reproduction.In this review,we summarize the recent studies on plant parthenogenesis genes,and provide an overview of the application in haploid breeding and apomixis system.This contributes to a deeper and comprehensive understanding of parthenogenesis,offering important references for its application in apomixis.

关 键 词：孤雌生殖 无融合生殖 克隆种子 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S336[农业科学—作物遗传育种]