具有高精度时空定位的动爆冲击波测试系统  

Highly Accurate Spatio-Temporal Localization Shockwave Test System for Dynamic Explosive Environments

作　　者：徐泽辉 秦建 王玉[1] 王文廉[1] XU Zehui;QIN Jian;WANG Yu;WANG Wenian(Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement(North University of China),Ministry of Education,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期148-156,共9页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：针对动爆环境下冲击波时空分布测量的高精度需求,设计了一种基于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)同步授时与实时动态(RTK)差分定位技术的高精度时空定位分布式测试系统。系统以FPGA为控制核心,结合存储测试技术实现爆炸冲击波信号的自动记录,并通过GNSS和RTK技术获取各测试节点的高精度时空信息,以实现动爆冲击波的精确时空分布测量。对该系统进行了时间同步精度验证和现场爆炸试验。时间精度验证中,不同测试节点的同步误差均在100 ns以内。在现场爆炸试验中,布设了8个测试节点在不同位置进行数据采集,每个节点通过RTK模块采集高精度的空间位置信息和时间数据,实现了节点的实时位置跟踪和时间同步。试验结果显示,沿爆炸物运动方向的节点超压峰值最高,达到122.15 kPa,垂直和反向方向的节点压力显著减弱。同时,根据各节点记录的冲击波前沿到达时间,冲击波传播速度在运动方向具有增强效应。本系统实现了动爆环境下冲击波的高精度时空分布测量,具备厘米级空间定位精度和100 ns的时间同步精度。Aiming at the need of high precision measurement of shock wave spatio-temporal distribution in dynamic explosion environment,a high precision spatio-temporal positioning distributed test system based on Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)synchronous timing and Real-Time Kinematic(RTK)differential positioning technology was designed.The system used FPGA as the control core,and combined with memory test technology to realize the automatic recording of blast wave signal,and obtained the high-precision spatio-temporal information of each test node through GNSS and RTK technology to realize the accurate spatio-temporal distribution measurement of dynamic explosion wave.Time synchronization accuracy verification and field explosion test were carried out.In time accuracy verification,the synchronization errors of different test nodes were all within 100 ns.In the field explosion test,eight test nodes were set up at different locations for data acquisition.Each node collected high-precision spatial position information and time data through RTK module,which realized real-time position tracking and time synchronization of nodes.The test results show that the peak value of node overpressure along the direction of explosive movement is the highest,reaching 122.15 kPa,and the node pressure in the vertical and reverse directions is significantly weakened.At the same time,according to the arrival time of the shock wave front recorded by each node,the shock wave propagation velocity has an enhanced effect in the direction of motion.The system realizes high precision spatio-temporal distribution measurement of the shock wave in the dynamic explosion environment,with centimeter-level spatial positioning accuracy and 100 ns time synchronization accuracy.

关 键 词：冲击波测试 时空信息采集 RTK定位 分布式传感网络 

分 类 号：TN709[电子电信—电路与系统]