高强耐热镁合金舱段旋转挤压成形技术研究  

Research on Rotary Extrusion Forming Technology of High⁃Strength and Heat⁃Resistant Magnesium Alloy Cabin

作　　者：王超[1] 赵熹[1] WANG Chao;ZHAO Xi(School of Aerospace Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学航空宇航学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期165-180,共16页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省科技合作交流专项(202104041101033);山西省科技创新团队专项资金资助项目山西省科技合作交流专项(202104041101033);山西省科技创新团队专项资金资助项目。

摘　　要：舱段构件作为航天器的主承力构件,工艺体系仍处于一种产品一套工艺的局面,难以适应航天“脉动性”制造要求(轴向、径向尺寸存在波动),急需突破柔性制造关键技术。同时,由于舱段构件存在壁部倾斜角度及壁厚变化大等特点而导致其制备成形较为困难,采用传统旋转挤压方法则难以制备。基于此,本文以多规格高强耐热镁合金舱段柔性制造的共性关键技术为突破口,提出了一种径向加载多工序逐次旋转挤压成形方法(简称旋转挤压),通过对不同部位进行逐次分步成形以实现异形舱段构件的制备,并结合塑性成形理论分析计算与有限元模拟仿真,分析了成形过程中金属的应力场和应变场分布,揭示了金属流动的规律,即实现径向、轴向的变形协调是挤压成形工艺的关键;通过研究不同凸模结构和工艺参数对成形载荷及金属变形规律的影响,最终确定最佳成形工艺方案为凸模工作带高度h=70 mm,且变形速度为1 mm/s,变形温度为480℃,摩擦系数为0.3。The cabin components,serving as primary load-bearing structures of spacecraft,still adhere to a product-specific manufacturing process,lagging behind the requirements of aerospace’s“pulsatile”fabri-cation(characterized by fluctuations in axial and radial dimensions).This necessitates breakthroughs in flexible manufacturing key technologies.At the same time,it is difficult to prepare the cabin components due to the characteristics of the wall inclination angle and the large change of the wall thickness,and the traditional rotary extrusion method is difficult to prepare.On this basis,this paper took the common key technology of flexible manufacturing of multi-specification high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy cabins as a breakthrough,and proposed a radial loading multi-stage sequential rotary extrusion forming method(hereinafter referred to as rotary extrusion),by forming different parts step by step to realize the preparation of shaped cabin components.And combined with the analysis and calculation of plastic form-ing theory and finite element simulation,the stress field and strain field distribution of the metal in the forming process were analyzed,and the law of metal flow was revealed,that is,achieving coordinated deformation in both radial and axial directions is crucial for the extrusion process.The effects of different convex mold structure and process parameters on the forming load and metal deformation law were investi-gated,and the optimal forming process plan was finally determined as the height of the working belt of the convex mold h=70 mm,and the deformation speed was 1 mm/s,the deformation temperature was 480℃,and the friction coefficient was 0.3.

关 键 词：稀土镁合金 旋转挤压 工艺参数 有限元仿真 

分 类 号：TG376[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]