优秀棒球投手肩关节、膝关节等速肌力特征及其与运动表现的相关性研究  

Research on the Isokinetic Muscle Strength Characteristics of Shoulder and Knee Joints of Excellent Baseball Pitchers and Their Correlation with Sports Performance

作　　者：李纪江[1] 邓雪峰[1] 吴熙[1] 金利民 李亮 王羽寒 LI Jijiang;DENG Xuefeng;WU Xi;无(Sichuan Institute of Sports Science(Sichuan Anti-Doping Agent),Chengdu Sichuan,610000,China;Sichuan Province Baseball,Softball and Hockey Sports Management Center,Chengdu Sichuan,610000,China;Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu Sichuan,610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省体育科学研究所(四川省反兴奋剂中心),四川成都610000 [2]四川省棒垒曲运动管理中心,四川成都610000 [3]成都体育学院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2025年第2期37-40,76,共5页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：四川省科技厅科技计划项目-科研院所科技成果转化(2024ZHYS0007)。

摘　　要：目的:研究优秀棒球投手肩关节、膝关节等速肌力特征及其与运动表现的关系。方法:选取10名优秀棒球投手,采用ISOMED2000等速肌力测试系统对运动员肩关节外展、内收、内旋、外旋肌群,膝关节屈伸肌群离心和向心肌力进行测试,选取棒球掷远作为运动表现的指标。结果:(1)棒球投手投球臂肩关节内旋肌群PT大于外旋PT,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),投掷臂内旋PT大于非投掷臂;(2)支撑腿膝关节屈曲肌群PT/BM大于伸踏腿,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);(3)棒球投手运动表现与投掷臂肩关节向心内旋肌群PT(r=0.754,P<0.05)离心外旋PT(r=0.788,P<0.01)高度相关,与非投掷臂肩关节向心外展肌群PT(r=0.694,P<0.05)离心外展PT(r=0.730,P<0.05)高度相关;(4)棒球投手运动表现与支撑腿膝关节离心伸肌群PT/BM高度相关(r=0.703,P<0.05),与伸踏腿膝关节向心屈曲和离心伸肌群PT/BM表现出显著相关趋势(r>0.5,P<0.1)。结论:影响棒球投手运动表现的关键动力学指标主要有投掷臂肩关节外旋和内旋最大峰力矩、非投掷臂外展最大峰力矩、支撑腿膝关节伸相对最大峰力矩、伸踏腿伸相对最大峰力矩等。在日常训练中应加强投掷臂肩关节外旋肌肉力量,避免由于内外旋肌力不平衡,造成运动损伤;在进行投掷臂肩关节力量训练的同时,还应注重非投掷臂肩关节外展力量的训练以加强躯干的旋转,有利于提高棒球出手速度。Objective:To investigate the isokinetic strength characteristics of the shoulder and knee joints in elite baseball pitchers and their relationship to sports performance.Methods:Ten elite baseball pitchers were selected for the study.The ISOMED2000 isokinetic testing system was used to assess the concentric and eccentric muscle strength of the shoulder joint muscles(abduction,adduction,internal rotation,and external rotation)and the knee joint muscles(flexion and extension).Baseball throwing distance was chosen as the indicator of athletic performance.Results:(I)The peak torque(PT)of the internal rotator muscles of the throwing arm's shoulder joint was significantly greater than that of the external rotators(P<0.05),and the internal rotation PT of the throwing arm was greater than that of the non-throwing arm;(2)The PT to body mass(PT/BM)ratio of the knee flexor muscles in the supporting leg was significantly higher than that of the stepping leg(P<0.05);(3)Athletic performance was highly correlated with the concentric internal rotation PT(r=0.754,P<0.05)and eccentric external rotation PT(r=0.788,P<0.01)of the throwing arm's shoulder joint,as well as with the concentric abduction PT(r=0.694,P<0.05)and eccentric abduction PT(r=0.730,P<0.05)of the non-throwing arm;(4)Athletic performance was also highly correlated with the eccentric extension PT/BM of the supporting leg's knee joint(r=0.703,P<0.05),and exhibited a significant trend of correlation with the concentric flexion and eccentric extension PT/BM of the stepping leg's knee joint(r>0.5,P<0.1).Conclusion:The key kinetic indicators affecting the athletic performance of baseball pitchers primarily include the maximum peak torque of internal and external rotation in the throwing arm's shoulder joint,the maximum peak torque of abduction in the non-throwing arm,and the relative maximum peak torque of knee extension in both the supporting and stepping legs.It is recommended to strengthen the external rotator muscles of the throwing arm's shoulder joint in daily traini

关 键 词：棒球投手 运动表现 肩关节 膝关节 等速肌力 

分 类 号：G804.62[文化科学—运动人体科学]