上海市高水平棒垒球运动员运动损伤调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Sports Injuries of High Level Baseball and Softball Athletes in Shanghai

作　　者：冯煜 邵平[2] 王奔羽 FENG Yu;SHAO Ping;WANG Yiyu(Sports Medicine Shanghai Athletics Training,Shanghai,202150,China;Sports and Health Sichuan Institute of Sports Science,Sichuan Anti Doping Agency,Chengdu Sichuan,610041,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市竞技体育训练管理中心,上海202150 [2]四川省体育科学研究所(四川省反兴奋剂中心),四川成都610041

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2025年第2期50-54,58,共6页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：上海市体育局备战攻关计划,(项目编号:25J004)。

摘　　要：研究目的:调查上海市高水平棒垒球运动员的运动损伤情况,通过总结分析其运动损伤发生频次、损伤程度、损伤部位、损伤类型、损伤致因等,展现上海市高水平棒垒球运动员的运动损伤现状,探索其运动损伤的客观规律,为棒垒球运动提出科学合理的运动损伤预防策略。研究方法:采用文献资料法和问卷调查法,对55名上海市高水平棒垒球运动员的运动损伤情况进行调查,对其运动损伤时段、损伤季节、损伤发生频次、损伤性质、损伤程度、损伤部位、损伤类型、损伤致因等进行分析。研究结果:共回收55份问卷,国家级健将占比67.27%,67.27%的运动员每天训练6h以上。仅1名运动员未发生过运动损伤,肩关节是运动损伤最常见的部位,其次为腰背部和肘部。运动损伤中最常见的类型为肌肉损伤(37.7%),急性和慢性损伤占比均为40%,29位运动员曾经历过中度和重度损伤。技术动作训练期间(41.8%)比赛期间(29.09%)和身体素质训练(20%)期间是运动损伤的高发时期。夏季是损伤最为高发的季节。技术动作错误、长时间过度疲劳和对手原因是运动员自我报告的常见损伤原因。相关性分析发现,每日训练时长和损伤频次显著正相关(r=0.33,p=0.02)。旧伤未愈(r=0.35,p=0.01)、训练后恢复不到位(r=0.30,p=0.04)和对手犯规(r=0.29,p=0.045)与运动损伤情况显著相关。年龄、训练年限和每日训练时长与运动习惯有显著相关。研究结论:上海市高水平棒垒球运动员常见中、重度运动损伤,肌肉损伤是最为常见的运动损伤类型。技术动作错误、长时问过度疲劳和旧伤未愈是上海市高水平棒垒球运动员运动损伤自我报告频次占比较高的原因。相关性分析结果显示,旧伤未愈、训练后恢复不到位和对手原因与运动损伤情况显著正相关。年龄、每日训练时长和训练年限与运动习惯呈现显著负相关。Objectives:To investigate the sports injury status of high-level baseball and softball athletes in Shanghai.By summarizing and analyzing the frequency,severity,location,type,and causes of sports injuries,the aim is to present the current sports injury situation among high-level baseball and softball athletes in Shanghai,explore the objective patterns of sports injuries,and propose scientifically sound strategies for preventing sports injuries in baseball and softball.Methods:The study employs a literature review and questionnaire survey method to investigate the sports injury status of 55 high-level baseball and softball athletes in Shanghai,The analysis includes the timing of injury occurrence,the season of injury,frequency of injuries,nature of injuries,severity of injuries,location of injuries,types of injuries,and causes of injuries.Results:A total of 55 questionnaires were collected,with national-level athletes accounting for 67.27%of the sample.67.27%of the athletes trained for more than 6 hours a day.Only one athlete reported never experiencing a sports injury.The shoulder joint was the most common site of sports injuries,followed by the lower back and elbow.Muscle injuries were the most common type of sports injury(37.7%),with acute and chronic injuries accounting for 40%each.29 athletes had experienced moderate to severe injuries.The high-risk periods for sports injuries were during technical skills training(41.8%),competitions(29.09%),and physical conditioning training(20%).Summer was the peak season for injuries.Common self-reported causes of injuries included technical errors,prolonged excessive fatigue,and opponent-related reasons.Correlation analysis found a significant positive correlation between daily training duration and injury frequency(r=0.33,p=0.02).Unresolved previous injuries(r=0.35,p=0.01),inadequate post-training recovery(r=0.30,p=0.04),and opponent fouls(r=0.29,p=0.045)were significantly correlated with sports injury situations.Age,training experience,and daily training duration were si

关 键 词：棒垒球 运动损伤 高水平运动员 

分 类 号：G804.53[文化科学—运动人体科学]