我国未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的反思与完善  

Reflections and Improvements on the Juvenile Criminal Record Sealing System in China

作　　者：徐瑞梓 罗兴平 XU Ruizi;LUO Xingping(School of Economics,Management and Law,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学经济管理与法学学院,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《陕西理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期42-49,共8页Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Social Science)

摘　　要：2012年修订的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》正式确立了未成年人犯罪记录封存制度,该制度可以有效防范涉罪未成年人因犯罪记录产生的负面效应,对于消除“标签效应”促进其重新回归社会、健康长远发展有重要意义。2022年发布的《关于未成年人犯罪记录封存的实施办法》对未成年人犯罪记录封存制度进行了细化和调整,但是在司法实践中还存在犯罪记录封存的启动方式单一、封存的适用范围有待拓宽、犯罪记录查询主体及申请条件规定不明确、监督和责任追究机制不完善等问题亟待解决。为此,提出完善未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的对策建议:完善“双轨制”启动犯罪记录封存程序,设置合理的适用范围和考验期,明晰已封存犯罪记录的查询主体及申请条件,完善监督惩戒和救济机制,以切实保障未成年人的合法权益,促进未成年人刑事司法制度的发展。The revised Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 formally established the juvenile criminal record sealing system,which can effectively control the negative effects caused by criminal records among minors involved in crimes.This system is significant for eliminating the“label effect”and promoting their healthy and long-term reintegration into society.The Implementation Measures for Sealing Juvenile Criminal Records released in 2022 further detailed and adjusted this system.However,in judicial practice,there are still issues such as a single method for initiating record sealing,the need to broaden the scope of application,unclear regulations on the subjects querying sealed records and the conditions for applying,and an incomplete supervision and accountability mechanism that need urgent resolution.Therefore,countermeasures and suggestions for improving the juvenile criminal record sealing system are proposed:perfecting the dual-track initiation process for record sealing,setting reasonable application scopes and probation periods,clarifying the subjects querying sealed records and the conditions for applying,and improving the supervision,punishment,and relief mechanisms to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of juveniles and promote the development of juvenile criminal justice systems.

关 键 词：未成年人 犯罪记录 封存制度 权益保护 

分 类 号：D922.7[政治法律—法学]