东北黑土区耕作制度演变及其影响因素  

Evolution of farming system and its influencing factors in the black soil region of Northeast China

作　　者：杜国明[1] 姚鑫[1] 臧雷振 DU Guoming;YAO Xin;ZANG Leizhen(School of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Humanities and Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学公共管理与法学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第4期646-655,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1500901)资助。

摘　　要：厘清东北黑土区耕作制度演变趋势及其影响因素对于优化黑土地保护措施,促进农业现代化及高质量发展具有重要意义。基于文献分析,结合各时期社会经济的历史背景,探究东北黑土区新中国成立后耕作制度演变及其影响因素。结果表明:1)东北黑土区的耕作制度在社会经济发展推动下,受到多方面因素影响,经历了显著变革,逐渐从传统耕作方式向现代农业模式转型。其演变过程主要分为3个阶段:集体化进程中的传统耕作制度阶段、分散化的耕作制度调整阶段以及规模化的现代耕作制度起步阶段。在各个阶段,耕作制度随当时经济社会发展呈现出不同特点,反映农业生产的时代特征与进步轨迹。2)东北黑土区的耕作制度受到农业生产力、生产关系以及耕地立地条件等多重因素的共同影响,进而呈现出阶段性和历史性的演变特征。具体而言,生产关系在其中起到引领耕作制度演变方向的作用,生产力则是推动耕作制度不断演变的动力源泉,而耕地立地条件则为耕作制度的演变奠定基础。3)应加快构建以黑土地保护为首要目标,分区施策为基本策略,农艺制度为关键核心的系统化、科学化、现代化的耕作制度体系,紧密结合农业新质生产力发展,助推农耕文明与现代科技要素的深度融合,促进黑土地可持续利用及黑土区农业高质量发展。Clarifying the evolutionary trends and driving mechanisms of farming systems in the black soil region of Northeast China are important to realize black land protection and to promote agricultural modernization and high-quality development.Based on a literature analysis,combined with the social and economic historical background of each period,this study explored the evolution of the farming system in the Northeast Black Soil Region since the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the factors influencing its development.The results showed that:1)Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the farming system in the black soil region of Northeast China has undergone marked changes under the impetus of social and economic development and the influence of various factors,gradually transforming from traditional farming methods to modern agricultural models.The evolutionary process can be divided into three stages:the traditional farming system stage during the collectivization process,the stage of adjustment of decentralized farming systems,and the initial institutional stage of large-scale modern farming.At each stage,the farming system presented different characteristics in line with the social and economic development of the period, reflecting the features of the era and progress trajectory of agricultural production. 2) The farming system in the black soil region of Northeast China is influenced by multiple factors, such as agricultural productivity, production relations, and the physical conditions of the cultivated land, result-ing in a phased and historically evolving development pattern. Specifically, production relations play a leading role in guiding the evolution of a farming system, whereas productivity serves as the driving force for its continuous evolution. The physical conditions of cultivated land lay a solid foundation for the evolution of farming systems, enabling flexible adjustments in farming methods based on the characteristics of different cultivated land resources and exter

关 键 词：东北黑土区 耕作制度 演变 影响因素 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]