东北三省粮食生产绿水亏缺时空变化  

Temporal and spatial changes in the green water deficit of grain production in the three provinces of Northeast China

作　　者：章成果 郭英 张传伟 沈彦俊[1,2] ZHANG Chengguo;GUO Ying;ZHANG Chuanwei;SHEN Yanjun(Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving/Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmen-tal Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省节水农业重点实验室/中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第4期667-681,共15页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA28020503,XDA28020500)资助。

摘　　要：为了量化东北三省绿水资源对粮食生产的满足程度,本文基于东北三省2001—2020年的气象数据和作物数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算了东北三省水稻、玉米和大豆全生育期及关键生育期的绿水亏缺量及粮食生产绿水亏缺总量。结果表明:1)全生育期尺度上,水稻始终表现为绿水亏缺;玉米枯水年绿水亏缺,丰水年盈余;大豆仅个别年份绿水亏缺。绿水亏缺量的空间分布呈明显的地形差异,绿水盈余区大多出现于山区,平原地区则以绿水亏缺为主。2)关键生育期尺度上,水稻、玉米和大豆分别有80%、85%和40%的年份出现绿水亏缺,且绿水亏缺量高值区主要集中于平原地区,山区绿水亏缺量较低或有绿水盈余。3)粮食生产绿水亏缺总量的年际差异较大,丰水年年均亏缺总量不足100亿m3,枯水年超过200亿m3;受粮食种植规模的影响,松嫩平原和三江平原是绿水亏缺总量的高值区。本文的研究结果可为东北三省农业灌溉的高效管理提供科学支撑,促进东北三省水-粮关系协调发展。Owing to the increase in crop planting area and proportion of water-intensive crops,the imbalance between the water supply and demand for grain production has been exacerbated in the three provinces of Northeast China(NEC).As the main water resource for grain production in NEC,the green water plays a pivotal role in alleviating this imbalance.In this study,we aimed to quantify the green water deficit(GWD)of major grain crops(rice,corn,and soybean)in NEC at multiple spatial and temporal scales.To this end,we analyzed meteorological and crop data from 2001 to 2020 to calculate the GWD in the whole growth period and the critical growth periods of the three crops using the Penman-Monteith equation.The results showed that the GWD of rice during the whole growth period ranged from 50 to 125 mm in wet years,exceeded 230 mm in dry years,and exceeded 400 mm in dry years in the western Songnen Plain and southwestern Sanjiang Plain,which are the regions with the highest GWD for rice.The green water supply for corn was sufficient during wet years,but insufficient during dry years with an average deficit of 70 mm.Spatially,the GWD was smaller in the mountainous regions and larger in the plains,and showed a decreasing trend with time in the plains.The green water supply for soybeans was relatively adequate,but the southern Songnen Plain and southwestern Liaohe Plain still had a de-ficit of green water in some individual years.We also analyzed the GWD at critical growth periods of each crop to characterize the seasonal GWD.In general,rice,corn,and soybean had GWDs in critical water demand periods in 80%,85%,and 40%of the study years,respectively.Notably,the critical water demand period for corn was also its severe GWD period,indicating that the adverse im-pact on corn yield may be relatively higher,as it is mainly a rain-fed crop in NEC.The most severe GWD period for rice was the tillering stage,with an average annual deficit about 70 mm.However,this deficit can be compensated by blue water irrigation.The largest seasonal GWD o

关 键 词：绿水亏缺量 东北三省 水资源供需 粮食生产 水-粮关系 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]