不同类型种植机对甘蔗生产及经济效益的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Planters on Production and Economic Benefits in Sugarcane

作　　者：陈建国[1] 张顺生 刘高源[1] 罗志明[1] 元欣 李如丹[1] CEHN Jianguo;ZHANG Shunsheng;LIU Gaoyuan;LUO Zhiming;YUAN Xin;LI Rudan(Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kaiyuan 661699,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所,云南开远661699

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2025年第2期76-80,共5页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(202304BT090027);中央引导地方科技发展专项(202307AD110002)。

摘　　要：为了进一步探究不同类型种植机对甘蔗生产及经济效益的影响,采用实时切种式和预切种式2种不同类型的甘蔗种植机进行种植作业,并以人工种植为对照,对不同种植机作业下甘蔗生长相关性状、作业效率及经济效益等进行分析研究。结果表明:机械种植出苗时间较人工种植早4~5天,但机械种植出苗率不如人工种植,人工种植出苗率达48.57%,预切种式种植机出苗率达48.33%,实时切种式种植机出苗率为42.97%;3种种植模式在分蘖率、株高、茎径方面不存在显著差异,但人工种植有效茎为83160条/hm^(2),显著多于预切种式的74250条/hm^(2)和实时切种式的72270条/hm^(2);而各处理间单茎重表现与有效茎相反;产量表现人工种植最高,各处理间不存在显著差异。机械种植作业效率是人工种植的25~27.5倍,预切种式种植机作业成本比人工种植减少了1340元/hm^(2),而实时切种式种植机减少了1462元/hm^(2)。实时切种式种植机较预切种式种植机辅助人工投入更少,工效更高,收益情况更好。In order to further explore the effects of different types of planting machines on sugarcane production and economic benefits,this study conducted planting operations using two different types of sugarcane planters real-time seed-cutting and pre-cut seed planters with manual planting as the control.Comparative analysis was performed on sugarcane growth-related traits,operational efficiency,and economic benefits under different planting methods.The results showed that the seeding time of mechanical planting was 4~5 days earlier than that of manual planting but the seeding rate of mechanical planting was not as good as that of manual planting,and the seeding rate of manual planting was 48.57%,that pre-cutting planting machine was 48.33%,and that of real-time cutting planting machine was 42.97%;the three planting modes did show significant differences in tillering rate,plant height,and stem diameter,but the effective stem of manual planting was 83160 stems/hm^(2),which significantly higher than that of pre-cutting planting of 72500 stems/hm^(2) and real-time cutting planting of 72270 stems/hm^(2);while the single stem weight of each treatment was the opposite of that of effective stem;the yield was the highest in manual planting,and there was no significant difference among treatment.The work efficiency of mechanical planting was 25~27.5 times that of manual planting,the operation cost of pre-cutting planting machine decreased by 1340 yuan/hm^(2) compared with manual planting,and that of real-time cutting planting machine decreased by 1462 yuan/hm^(2) real-time cutting planting machine required less labor input and had higher work efficiency and better income than cutting planting machine.

关 键 词：甘蔗 种植机 产量 作业成本 经济效益 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]