油茶新品种‘德油2号’开花特性及品种配置  

Flowering characteristics and configuration of a new Camellia oleifera cultivar‘Deyou 2’

作　　者：贺胜 胡观兴 胡东兵 鲁建军 袁德义[1] HE Sheng;HU Guanxing;HU Dongbing;LU Jianjun;YUAN Deyi(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Changsha Bureau of Forestry,Changsha,Hunan 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]长沙市林业局,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2025年第3期283-289,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：湖南省种业创新项目“油茶体细胞杂交及倍性育种技术研究与新种质创新”(2021NK1007)。

摘　　要：以7个油茶新品种‘德油2号’‘德油3号’‘德油4号’‘德油5号’‘德油6号’‘德油7号’‘德油8号’(DY2、DY3、DY4、DY5、DY6、DY7、DY8)为试材,对其开花物候期、单花开放历程、单花花粉量、花粉活力等方面进行观测,同时以DY2为母本,其他6个品种为父本进行人工授粉,对坐果率、果实经济性状和脂肪酸组分进行测定。DY2花期在11月中旬至12月下旬,盛花期在11月下旬至12月中旬,持续20 d,DY3、DY4、DY7、DY8与DY2在盛花期相遇。7个油茶新品种单花开放时间均为6~10 d,6个授粉品种单花平均花药数为80.90~103.20枚,单花花粉量为413602~649102粒。培养基萌发法测得6个授粉品种的花粉活力为65.02%~72.70%。对6个授粉组合(DY2×DY3、DY2×DY4、DY2×DY5、DY2×DY6、DY2×DY7、DY2×DY8)的果实指标(横径、纵径、果皮厚度、单果重、鲜出籽率、干籽出仁率、干种仁含油率、鲜果出油率、不饱和脂肪酸相对含量)及坐果率进行主成分分析与综合评价,得分排序为DY2×DY4>DY2×DY8>DY2×DY7>DY2×DY5>DY2×DY3>DY2×DY6。DY2以DY4为父本的授粉效果最好。Seven new Camellia oleifera cultivars‘Deyou 2’,‘Deyou 3’,‘Deyou 4’,‘Deyou 5’,‘Deyou 6’,‘Deyou 7’,and‘Deyou 8’(DY2,DY3,DY4,DY5,DY6,DY7,and DY8,respectively)were observed for the flowering phenology,the opening process of a single flower,the amount of pollen per flower,and the pollen viability.Artificial pollination was conducted with DY2 as the female parent and other six cultivars as the male parents,and the fruit setting rate,economic traits,and fatty acid components were determined.The flowering period of DY2 was from mid-November to late-December,and the full blooming stage was from late November to mid-December,lasting for 20 days.DY3,DY4,DY7,and DY8 had overlaps in the full blooming stage with DY2.The opening time of a single flower of DY2 was 6-10 days.As for the six pollinated cultivars,the average number of anthers per flower was 80.90-103.20,and the amount of pollen per flower was 413602-649102 grains.The pollen viability of the six pollinated cultivars was determined as 65.02%-72.70%by the medium germination method.Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation were carried out for the fruit indicators(transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,peel thickness,fresh mass per fruit,fresh fruit seed yield,dry kernel rate,oil content of dried kernels,fresh fruit oil yield,and relative content of unsaturated fatty acid)and fruit setting rates of six pollination combinations(DY2×DY3,DY2×DY4,DY2×DY5,DY2×DY6,DY2×DY7,DY2×DY8).The scores of the combinations were ranked as DY2×DY4>DY2×DY8>DY2×DY7>DY2×DY5>DY2×DY3>DY2×DY6.DY2 had the best pollination effect with DY4 as the male parent.

关 键 词：油茶 品种配置 花粉活力 坐果率 果实性状 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]