德昌杉与杉木杂交的种实性状变异及遗传参数分析  

Variations and genetic parameters of cone and seed traits of Cunninghamia unicanaliculata×C.lanceolata

作　　者：张锡 张小国 吴华雪 龚育霖 沈鑫 朱鹏[1] ZHANG Xi;ZHANG Xiaoguo;WU Huaxue;GONG Yulin;SHEN Xin;ZHU Peng(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;State-Owned Forestry Farm of Hongya County,Hongya,Sichuan 620360,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,四川成都611130 [2]洪雅县国有林场,四川洪雅620360

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2025年第3期290-297,共8页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：四川育种攻关项目“突破性林木育种材料和方法创新及新品育种”(2021YFYZ0032)。

摘　　要：对德昌杉与杉木杂交的种实性状变异规律及遗传参数进行研究,为基于德昌杉的杉木杂交育种以及杂交种子园建设提供参考和建议。以洪雅县国有林场杉木国家良种基地2代杉木种子园15个优树无性系为母本,德昌县德昌杉省级良种基地及其周边人工林的8棵优树为父本,进行不完全双列杂交设计配制获得60份杂交组合,对杂交组合及其亲本自由授粉家系的球果宽、球果长、球果体积、球果鲜重、鲜果出种率、单位质量鲜果出种数、千粒重、发芽率进行分析和研究。结果表明:(1)杂交组合的球果宽、球果长、球果体积、球果鲜重、鲜果出种率与亲本类型没有明显差异,而单位质量鲜果出种数(10.20粒·g^(-1))显著多于杉木亲本(8.10粒·g^(-1))和德昌杉亲本(8.00粒·g^(-1))(P<0.05),千粒重(5.27 g)显著轻于杉木亲本(6.59 g,P<0.05),发芽率(7.47%)显著低于杉木亲本(21.13%,P<0.05)。以上结果与正/负超亲优势杂交组合的数量比相符;(2)杂交组合种实性状的遗传效应主要以基因加性效应为主,球果性状、出种指标和千粒重更容易受到母本(杉木)效应的影响,而父本(德昌杉)对发芽率的影响更大,但父母间的互作效应不容忽视;(3)单位质量鲜果出种数与其他指标几乎均表现为极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),除此之外各项种实性状指标间均呈现为正相关或极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。总的来看,杂交组合球果变小,出种数量增多,因此千粒重更轻且发芽率更低;种实性状遗传效应主要以基因加性效应为主且除发芽率外主要受到母本的影响。The variation law and genetic parameters of cone and seed traits of Cunninghamia unicanaliculata×C.lanceolata are studied,which is expected to provide reference and suggestions for the cross breeding of C.lanceolata based on C.unicanaliculata and the construction of hybrid seed orchards.Fifteen superior tree clones of the second-generation C.lanceolata seed orchard of the State-Owned Forest Farm in Hongya County were selected as the female parents,and 8 superior trees in the provincial seed base of C.unicanaliculata and its surrounding plantations in Dechang County were selected as the male parents.Sixty hybrid combinations were obtained by the NCⅡdesign.The cone width,cone length,cone volume,fresh cone weight,fresh cone seeding rate,number of seeds per unit mass of fresh cone,1000 grain weight,and germination rate were determined for the free pollination families of the hybrid combinations and their parents.The results showed that:(1)there was no significant difference in the cone width,cone length,cone volume,fresh cone weight,and fresh cone seeding rate between hybrids and parents.The number of seeds per unit mass of fresh cone(10.20 grain·g^(-1))was significantly higher than that of C.lanceolata parents(8.10 grain·g^(-1))and C.unicanaliculata parents(8.00 grain·g^(-1))(P<0.05),the 1000 grain weight(5.27 g)was significantly lighter than that of C.lanceolata parents(6.59 g,P<0.05),and the germination rate(7.47%)was significantly lower than that of C.lanceolata parents(21.13%,P<0.05).The above results were consistent with the number ratio of hybrids with positive/negative heterosis.(2)The genetic effects of the cone and seed traits of hybrids were mainly based on the additive effect of genes.The cone traits,seeding traits,and 1000 grain weight were more likely to be affected by the female parent(C.lanceolata),while the germination rate was mainly influenced by the male parent(C.unicanaliculata).The interaction effect between parents could not be ignored.(3)The number of seeds per unit mass of fresh cone ha

关 键 词：德昌杉 杉木 杂交育种 种实性状 变异 遗传参数 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]