泥炭土-聚乙烯醇发泡材料的制备工艺优化  

Optimization of the preparation process of peat soil-polyvinyl alcohol foam materials

作　　者：曾泽林 戚兴来 吴美强 周建斌 饶久平[1] ZENG Zelin;QI Xinglai;WU Meiqiang;ZHOU Jianbin;RAO Jiuping(College of Material Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fuzhou Leyi Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fujian 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福建福州350002 [2]福州乐亿生态科技股份有限公司,福建福州350007

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2025年第3期328-336,共9页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：福建省高校产学研合作项目“节能环保装配式立体绿化新技术研究”(2021Y4009);福建省林业科技推广项目“立体绿化整体栽培基质发泡材料的开发及推广应用”(2022TG17);福建省财政厅专项“城市园林绿化专用轻质整体栽培基质研制”(KKY22042XA)。

摘　　要：为探索更适用于立体绿化推广应用的整体栽培基质,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和泥炭土为主体原料,加入改性剂甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),通过机械搅拌与物理发泡,制备出一种成型的泥炭土-聚乙烯醇发泡材料。用单因素控制变量法探讨了PVA用量、改性剂TDI用量、表面活性剂SDS用量以及发泡温度等对泥炭土-聚乙烯醇发泡材料的体积密度、视密度、湿密度、开孔率以及吸水率的影响,并分析比较SDS不同用量下泥炭土-聚乙烯醇发泡材料的表观形貌差异。结果表明:当PVA用量为7%(质量分数)、TDI用量为0.25%(质量分数)、SDS用量为0.54%(质量分数)、发泡温度为60℃时,制备的泥炭土-聚乙烯醇发泡材料的主要性能最佳,此时发泡材料的体积密度为0.103 g·cm^(-3),视密度为0.403 g·cm^(-3),湿密度为0.856 g·cm^(-3),开孔率为77%,吸水率为826%(吸水时间为1 h)。同时,从发泡材料的表观形貌观察结果可知,SDS能改善发泡材料的内部孔隙结构。与市面常见立体绿化基质相比,泥炭土-聚乙烯醇发泡材料是经过发泡成型的整体材料,密度较小但开孔率、吸水率较高,具有工艺简单、成本低的优势,同时达到«立体绿化栽培基质通用技术标准:T/CABEE 005—2020»中塑形基质的要求,可以作为立体绿化栽培基质的新选择。To explore a more applicable overall cultivation substrate for the promotion and application of three-dimensional greening,this study prepared a molded peat soil-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)foam material by mechanical stirring and physical foaming of the mixture of the modifier toluene diisocyanate(TDI)and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)with the raw materials(PVA and peat soil).The effects of PVA dosage,TDI dosage,SDS dosage,and foaming temperature on the bulk density,apparent density,wet density,porosity,and water absorption rate of the peat soil-PVA foam material were investigated by the single-factor method.The apparent morphology of the peat soil-PVA foam materials with different SDS dosages was compared.The results showed that the peat soil-PVA foam material prepared with 7%(mass fraction)PVA,0.25%(mass fraction)TDI,and 0.54%(mass fraction)SDS at the foaming temperature of 60℃had the best properties,with the bulk density of 0.103 g·cm^(-3),the apparent density of 0.403 g·cm^(-3),the wet density of 0.856 g·cm^(-3),the porosity of 77%,and the water absorption rate of 826%(water absorption for 1 h).According to the surface microstructure of the foam material,SDS can improve the internal pore structure of the foam material.Compared with the common three-dimensional greening substrates on the market,the peat soil-PVA foam material is an overall material after foaming molding,with smaller density but higher porosity and water absorption rate.It has the advantages of a simple preparation process and a low cost and meets the requirements of the General Technical Standard for Three-Dimensional Greening Cultivation Substrates:T/CABEE 005—2020.It can be used as a new choice for three-dimensional greening cultivation substrates.

关 键 词：泥炭土 聚乙烯醇 发泡材料 立体绿化基质 制备工艺 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]