UV-B胁迫下植物的生理适应及分子应答  

Physiological adaptations and molecular responses of plants under UV-B stress

作　　者：张菲 李英主 杜鹏飞 白史且 鄢家俊 ZHANG Fei;LI Yingzhu;DU Pengfei;BAI Shiqie;YAN Jiajun(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Sichuan Academe of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川省草原科学研究院,四川成都611731

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第8期41-48,共8页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省科技计划-科技创新人才项目(2023JDRC0040);林草科技创新发展研究项目(2023132016)。

摘　　要：中波紫外线(UV-B)辐射作为非生物胁迫因子,对植物的形态发育、生理生化过程及分子机制产生显著影响。本文综述了UV-B辐射对植物形态的调控作用(如抑制茎伸长、减小叶面积、改变根冠比等),以及其对细胞膜系统稳定性、渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、脯氨酸等)、抗氧化防御系统(SOD、CAT、APX等酶活性及非酶类抗氧化剂)和光合系统的直接或间接损伤。植物通过合成类黄酮、花青素等次生代谢物、激活UVR8介导的信号通路以及激活激素调控与次生代谢基因等分子机制,增强对UV-B胁迫的适应性。此外,UV-B与其他环境因子(如温度、干旱、重金属)的复合胁迫常表现出协同或拮抗效应,其作用机制复杂且因物种而异。当前研究多集中于农作物和草本植物,且研究条件多局限于人工环境,未来需结合多组学技术与野外长期观测,深入解析植物响应UV-B辐射的分子网络及其生态适应性,为抗逆育种和生态修复提供参考。As an abiotic stress factor,UV-B radiation significantly impacts plant morphological development,physiological and biochemical processes,and molecular mechanisms.This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of UV-B radiation on plant morphology(e.g.,inhibition of stem elongation,reduction in leaf area,and alteration of root-to-shoot ratio),as well as its direct or indirect damage to cell membrane stability,osmotic regulation substances(e.g.,soluble sugars,proline),antioxidant defense systems(enzyme activities such as SOD,CAT,APX,and non-enzymatic antioxidants),and photosynthetic systems.Plants enhance their adaptability to UV-B stress through molecular mechanisms such as synthesizing secondary metabolites like flavonoids and anthocyanins,activating the UVR8-mediated signaling pathway,and activating hormone regulation and secondary metabolic genes.Furthermore,combined stress from UV-B and other environmental factors(e.g.,temperature,drought,heavy metals)often exhibits synergistic or antagonistic effects,with complex mechanisms varying across species.Current research primarily focuses on crops and herbaceous plants under controlled experimental conditions.Future studies should integrate multi-omics technologies and long-term field observations to deeply unravel the molecular networks and ecological adaptability of plants in response to UV-B radiation,providing insights for stress-resistant breeding and ecological restoration.

关 键 词：UV-B辐射 形态发育 生理响应 适应机制 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]