几种化学除草剂防除冬麦田杂草效果研究  

Research on control effects of several chemical herbicides on weeds in winter wheat field

作　　者：章先飞 成玮[1] 沈慧梅[1] 陈谊君 魏丽 左军 ZHANG Xianfei;CHENG Wei;SHEN Huimei;CHEN Yijun;WEI Li;ZUO Jun(Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China;Shanghai Shangshi Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 202183,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]上海上实现代农业开发有限公司,上海202183

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第8期63-66,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为筛选出适用于小麦田高效、安全的播后苗前封闭除草剂,对33.8%炔·氟噻SC等6种除草剂封闭处理防除冬小麦田杂草的防效及安全性进行评价。结果表明,33.8%炔·氟噻SC 750 mL/hm^(2)对麦田杂草封闭效果最佳,药后28 d的株防效达83.29%,且茎叶处理后98 d的株防效为98.74%,鲜重防效为95.09%,显著降低了麦田前期的杂草基数,封闭持效期长且安全性较好;50%丙草胺SC 1875 mL/hm^(2)封闭处理28 d的株防效达82.71%,但持效期不长,在茎叶处理后98 d的鲜重防效为72.52%;30%吡酰草胺·氟噻草胺SC 1200 mL/hm^(2)封闭处理28 d的株防效达78.33%,持效期较长,在茎叶处理后98 d的鲜重防效达93.66%。以上结果表明,这3种药剂均可在冬小麦播后苗前施用,作为土壤封闭药剂进行麦田化学除草,其防治效果显著,且施药后对小麦生长未产生明显药害;其在上海等地区冬小麦田有良好的推广应用潜力,建议结合当地麦田杂草发生情况,进行轮换施用。To screen for efficient and safe pre-emergence soil-applied herbicides suitable for winter wheat fields,an evaluation was conducted on the weed control efficacy and safety of 6 herbicides including 33.8%oxadiazon·flufenacet SC through soil sealing treatment.The results showed that 33.8%oxadiazon·flufenacet SC at 750 mL/hm^(2) demonstrated optimal soil-sealing efficacy in wheat fields,achieving 83.29%weed control efficiency 28 days after treatment.Following subsequent foliar application,it maintained 98.74%weed control rate and 95.09%fresh weight reduction efficacy 98 days post-treatment,significantly reducing early-stage weed populations with prolonged residual activity and good crop safety.50%pretilachlor SC at 1875 mL/hm^(2) achieved weed control 82.71%at 28 days,but shorter persistence,with fresh weight control declining to 72.52%at 98 days after foliar treatment.30%pyroxasulfone·flufenacet SC at 1200 mL/hm^(2) achieved 78.33%weed control at 28 days,exhibiting longer persistence with 93.66%fresh weight control efficacy at 98 days post foliar treatment.These findings validate that 3 herbicides can be effectively applied as pre-emergence soil treatments in winter wheat fields,demonstrating significant weed suppression without observable phytotoxicity to wheat growth.They exhibit promising potential for extended application in winter wheat cultivation regions such as Shanghai.Rotational use is recommended according to local weed infestation patterns to optimize resistance management and sustained efficacy.

关 键 词：除草剂 冬小麦田杂草 杂草防效 安全性 

分 类 号：S451.221[农业科学—植物保护]