贵阳地区大型真菌资源多样性调查研究  

Investigation on macrofungal resource diversity in Guiyang region

作　　者：王礼 罗鑫[2] 王小梅 苏云宁 杨再华 吴跃开 WANG Li;LUO Xin;WANG Xiaomei;SU Yunning;YANG Zaihua;WU Yuekai(Guizhou Academy of Forestry Science,Guiyang 550005,China;Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第8期104-109,共6页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2451号)。

摘　　要：为进一步明确贵州贵阳地区大型真菌物种资源情况,本研究采用野外随机踏查、问卷调查等方法对该地11个区域的大型真菌物种组成、优势科属等进行调查,研究其大型真菌多样性与生境、气候之间的相关性。在研究区共采集429份菌物标本,鉴定分类出大型真菌215种,隶属3门8纲19目47科107属。在门水平上,担子菌(90.23%)和子囊菌(8.83%)为优势门;在属水平上,多孔菌科(21.395%)、小皮伞科(7.907%)和红菇科(7.442%)等为优势属。在市场调查到红菇类、乳菇类、灵芝类等大型真菌共21种,其中食用菌16种,商品潜力较大。野生菌资源中共有食用菌69种、药用菌33种、毒菌16种;大型真菌生境主要为混交林、阔叶林等,其物种丰富度受季节变化影响明显,菌的种类随着降水量增加而增多。研究区大型真菌资源较丰富,应加强菌物资源采集驯化和人工促繁的研究力度,加快培育食用菌龙头企业,发挥贵阳地区真菌资源优势,为促进该地区食用菌产业发展提供参考。To further clarify the macrofungal species resources in Guiyang region,Guizhou Province,the composition of macrofungal species,dominant family and genus in 11 regions were investigated by random field investigation and questionnaire survey,and the correlation between macrofungal diversity and habitat and climate was investigated.A total of 429 fungal specimens were collected in the study area,and 215 species of macrofungi were identified and classified,belonging to 3 phyla,8 classes,19 orders,47 families and 107 genera.At phylum level,basidiomycetes(90.23%)and ascomycetes(8.83%)were dominant phyla.At the genus level,Polyporaceae(21.395%),Marasmiaceae(7.907%)and Russulaceae(7.442%)were the dominant genera.In the market,a total of 21 kinds of large fungi such as red mushrooms,milk mushrooms and ganoderma lucidum were investigated,including 16 kinds of edible fungi,and the commodity potential was large.There were 69 kinds of edible fungi,33 kinds of medicinal fungi and 16 kinds of poisonous fungi.The habitats of macrofungi were mainly mixed forest and broad-leaved forest.The species richness of macrofungi was affected by seasonal changes,and the species of fungi increased with the increase of precipitation.The research area is rich in macrofungal resources,so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the collection and domestication of fungi resources and artificial propagation,accelerate the cultivation of leading edible fungi enterprises,give full play to the advantages of fungi resources in Guiyang,and provide references for promoting the development of edible fungi industry in the area.

关 键 词：大型真菌 资源多样性 优势科属 开发利用 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]