煤炭能源“十四五”发展成就与“十五五”展望  

Development Achievements of Coal Energy in the 14th Five-Year Plan and Outlook for the 15th Five-Year Plan

作　　者：袁惊柱[1] YUAN Jingzhu(Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2025年第4期53-60,共8页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新型能源体系建设中的煤炭战略功能定位与测算”(23BGL014);中国社会科学院青年学者资助项目“‘双碳’目标下的能源转型与能源安全研究”(XQ2023003);中国社会科学院登峰战略优势学科(产业经济学)项目(DF2023YS24);中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目“保障国家能源安全”(ZKJC240709);中国社会科学院工业经济研究所阐释党的二十届三中全会精神项目“提升能源产业链供应链韧性与安全研究”(GJSZY2024025)。

摘　　要：“十四五”期间,煤炭在深入实施“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略中,进一步践行高质量发展理念,生产供应质量持续提升,消费端绿色低碳转型加速,价格市场化取得新进展,科技创新水平稳步提高,在促进能源高质量发展上发挥了重要的主体能源作用。但要实现高质量发展,需先解决安全保供、有效转型、关键核心技术自主可控等方面的主要问题。展望“十五五”,全球政治经济关系更加复杂,区域性地缘政治矛盾进一步激化,将推动煤炭供给需求格局加快重塑;煤炭在能源体系中的发展定位会随着发展阶段需求变化进一步演变,作为主体能源的定位功能会小幅弱化,煤炭消费达峰将成为碳达峰目标的主要抓手,煤炭安全兜底和调峰能力将持续增强;煤炭能源将提速绿色低碳转型,加快推进绿色矿山建设、绿色低碳高效利用,以及与新能源的协调融合发展,在兜底保障国家能源安全的基础上,不断推动全产业链绿色低碳转型,实现新能源对煤炭的安全有序有效替代,支持绿色新质生产力形成。During the"14th Five-Year Plan"period,in the in-depth implementation of the new energy security strategy of"four revolutions and one cooperation",coal further practiced the concept of high-quality development,continued to improve the quality of production and supply,accelerated the green and low-carbon transformation of the consumer side,made new progress in price marketization,and steadily improved the level of scientific and technological innovation,which played an important role as the main energy source in promoting high-quality energy development.However,in order to achieve high-quality development,it is necessary to first solve the main problems of safe supply,effective transformation,and independent and controllable key core technologies.Looking forward to the 15th Five-Year Plan,global political and economic relations will become more complex,and regional geopolitical contradictions will further intensify,which will accelerate the reshaping of coal supply and demand.The development positioning of coal in the energy system will further evolve with the change of demand in the development stage,and the positioning function as the main energy source will be slightly weakened.Coal energy will accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation,accelerate the construction of green mines,green and low-carbon efficient utilization,and the coordinated and integrated development of new energy,and continuously promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the whole industrial chain on the basis of ensuring national energy security,so as to realize the safe,orderly and effective replacement of coal by new energy,and support the formation of green new quality productivity.

关 键 词：煤炭 高质量发展 绿色低碳转型 安全兜底 新型电力系统 绿色新质生产力 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济] F062.1