近60年中国群发性极端温度事件演变特征及数据集的建立  

Establishment of dataset for clustered extreme temperature events in China and their variation over the past 60 years

作　　者：况雪源[1] 张耀存[1] 黄丹青[1] 薛道凯 成柯蒙 KUANG Xueyuan;ZHANG Yaocun;HUANG Danqing;XUE Daokai;CHENG Kemeng(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2025年第2期207-216,共10页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0801601)。

摘　　要：基于中国区域1961—2020年逐日气温站点观测资料,考虑极端事件的时空关联性,利用群发性极端事件识别方法,对近60年中国群发性高温天气、酷热天气、极端高温、极端低温及剧烈降温等5类极端温度事件进行了识别并建立了数据集,分析了不同类型群发性极端温度事件的演变特征。结果表明:群发性高温及酷热天气事件主要发生于夏季,高发区位于新疆地区和江淮流域,综合强度排名前十的事件有7次发生于2000年以后,且持续时间和影响范围显著增强;群发性剧烈降温事件主要发生于除夏季外的其余三个季节,内蒙古及东北南部发生频率最高,长江以南地区次之,近年来群发性剧烈降温事件发生频数略有下降,但持续时间、影响范围及降温强度却保持稳定;群发性极端高温事件和极端低温事件在全年全区域均有发生,在全球变暖背景下,前者各项指标呈显著上升趋势,而后者呈显著下降趋势。本数据集的建立为深入理解极端温度事件的演变规律及机理提供了数据基础。In the context of global warming,extreme weather and climate events have become more frequent,particularly since the 21st century,exhibiting significant clustering,persistence,complexity and extremity.Under the influence of the same weather system,extreme temperature events of the same type often display spatiotemporal clustering,manifested by spatial correlation and temporal persistence.Previous studies based on single-stations analyses have been unable to effectively capture the evolution and movement of weather systems,thus limiting the ability to assess the clustering characteristics of extreme temperature events.In our previous works,we proposed a simplified method for identifying clustered extreme weather and climate events,which has been demonstrated to be effective.Using daily observed temperature records from 1961 to 2020,this study established a dataset of five types of clustered extreme temperature events in China by incorporating spatiotemporal correlations.These include hot weather,scorching weather,extreme high temperature,extreme low temperature,and severe cooling events.The results indicate that hot and scorching weather events primarily occur in summer,with high-frequency located in Xinjiang region and the Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin.Notably,seven of the ten most intense summer clustered scorching weather events since 1961 occurred after 2000,showing significantly prolonged duration and expanded affected areas.Clustered severe cooling events predominantly occur in seasons other than summer,with high frequency in Nei Monggol and the southern part of Northeast China.While the duration,affected area,and intensity of severe cooling events have remained relatively stable,their frequency has exhibited a slight decline.Clustered extreme high and extreme low temperature events occur throughout the year across various regions.In response to global warming,extreme high-temperature events show an increasing trend,whereas extreme low-temperature events demonstrate a decline in multiple indices.This dataset

关 键 词：中国 群发性极端温度事件 演变特征 数据集建立 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]