一种基于能效优化的无线传感器网络改进LEACH路由方法  

An improved LEACH routing method for wireless sensor networks based on energy efficiency optimization

作　　者：杨洪朝 孙士兵[1,3] 张占 梁芮 YANG Hongzhao;SUN Shibing;ZHANG Zhan;LIANG Rui(School of Software,Changsha SocialWork College,Changsha 410004,China;School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Changsha Smart Community Xinchuang Cloud Application Technology Innovation Center,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙民政职业技术学院软件学院,长沙410004 [2]长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院,长沙410114 [3]长沙市智慧社区信创云应用技术创新中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《空天预警研究学报》2025年第2期118-123,共6页JOURNAL OF AIR & SPACE EARLY WARNING RESEARCH

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(7217010719,72171026);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2025JJ80393);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(23C1076);长沙市科技局自然科学基金项目(kq2402035)。

摘　　要：针对分布式无线传感网络(WSNs)中低功耗自适应分簇分层(LEACH)路由存在的簇头能量消耗不平均、节点死亡时间过早等问题,提出基于阈值和簇间路由的LEACH改进路由(TC-LEACH)方法.首先,利用节点能量对其产生的随机数进行约束,使低能量节点更容易产生大的随机数,降低低能量节点成为簇头的概率.其次,优化簇头选举机制,调整阈值参数,以提升剩余能量较高且接近sink节点的节点当选概率.最后,基于Dijkstra算法优化簇间数据传输路径,减少通信开销.仿真结果表明,TC-LEACH算法通过减少网络通信量和均衡节点能耗,降低了整体能量消耗,延长了网络的生存时间.In order to address the problems of uneven energy consumption among cluster heads and premature node failure in Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH)routing for distributed wireless sensor networks(WSNs),this paper proposes an improved LEACH routing method based on threshold adjustment and inter-cluster routing,termed TC-LEACH.First,the method constrains the random numbers generated by nodes based on their energy levels,making low-energy nodes more likely to generate larger random numbers,thereby reducing their probability of being selected as cluster heads.Second,the cluster-head selection mechanism is optimized,and threshold parameters are adjusted to increase the probability of nodes with higher residual energy and closer proximity to the sink node.Finally,Dijkstra algorithm is used to optimize inter-cluster data transmission paths to minimize communication overhead.Simulation results demonstrate that the TC-LEACH algorithm reduces the overall energy consumption and prolongs the lifetime of the network by reducing network communication and balancing node energy consumption.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 LEACH路由算法 簇结构路由 阈值调整 Dijkstra最短路径算法 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统]