劳动力市场的技术冲击、结构失衡与政策调适  

Technological Shocks,Structural Imbalances,and Policy Adaptation in the Labor Market

作　　者：袁志刚[1] Yuan Zhigang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学就业与社会保障研究中心

出　　处：《学术前沿》2025年第6期43-50,共8页Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国宏观经济调控政策研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:71933001。

摘　　要：高质量充分就业对中国经济社会发展至关重要。当前,中国高质量充分就业面临新的机遇;同时,在经济增速放缓、产业结构调整、区域经济结构变迁等因素作用下,也面临多重挑战。农村劳动力流动呈现新趋势,教育、住房等问题亟待解决;高校毕业生就业压力加大,教育回报率下降;人工智能深刻影响就业市场,推动就业结构加速演变。高质量充分就业关系劳动力需求与供给两个方面。基于需求的视角,要千方百计扩大总需求,提高经济增长率,推动经济持续回升向好,以进一步增加对劳动力的需求。基于供给的视角,从长期看,应积极推行鼓励生育政策,推动教育机会均等化,为劳动力供给筑牢根基;从短期看,应深入推进全国统一劳动力市场建设,促进公共产品广泛共享,持续深化市民化进程,使劳动力供给结构更趋优化与合理。High-quality full employment is crucial for China's economic and social development.Currently,China faces new opportunities in achieving high-quality full employment;however,it also encounters multiple challenges due to factors such as slowing economic growth,industrial restructuring,and regional economic shifts.New trends are emerging in rural labor mobility,while issues in education,housing,and other areas demand urgent resolution.The employment pressure on college graduates is intensifying,accompanied by a decline in the return on education.Artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping the labor market,accelerating structural transformations in employment.High-quality full employment hinges on both labor demand and supply.From a demand-side perspective,it is essential to expand aggregate demand through all possible means,elevate economic growth rates,and sustain economic recovery to further boost labor demand.From a supply-side perspective,long-term strategies should include proactive policies to encourage childbirth and promote equal access to education,thereby strengthening the foundation of labor supply.In the short term,it is imperative to advance the development of a nationally unified labor market,promote the widespread sharing of public goods,and continuously deepen the urbanization process,thereby optimizing and rationalizing the structure of labor supply.

关 键 词：高质量充分就业 农村劳动力 大学生就业 人工智能 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济] F249.21[经济管理—国民经济]