储能空间内不同氧浓度下锂电池热失控特性分析  

Analysis of Thermal Runaway Characteristics of Lithium Battery under Different Oxygen Concentration in Energy Storage Space

作　　者：周驰 李盼 陈洲 李明龙 张宇伦 毛少华 ZHOU Chi;LI Pan;CHEN Zhou;LI Ming-long;ZHANG Yu-lun;MAO Shao-hua(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geoscience(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,武汉430074 [2]武汉第二船舶设计研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《船海工程》2025年第2期106-110,116,共6页Ship & Ocean Engineering

基　　金：湖北省博士后项目(2024HBBHCXA090);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(162301242612);中国地质大学(武汉)“地大学者”人才岗位科研启动经费(2023097)。

摘　　要：针对锂离子电池热失控在储能船舱空间内可能引发的火灾和爆炸问题,采用标称容量为230Ah的方壳磷酸铁锂电池,通过开展密闭空间内不同氧浓度下大容量磷酸铁锂热失控特性研究试验,得到人工点火后电池热失控行为、温度及产气组分随时间的变化规律,分析电池特征参数在不同氧浓度下的差异。结果表明,热失控过程可分为热累积、明火燃烧、热失控及降温三个阶段,舱室初始氧浓度13%下无明火燃烧阶段。电池舱内火焰熄灭的最低氧浓度为14.41%,主要可燃物为H_(2)和C_(2)H_(6)。电池爆炸极限为4%~64.1%,随着舱室初始氧浓度降低,可燃气体爆炸区间缩短,未出现明火工况下爆炸下限最低,电池舱内爆炸危险性更高。Regarding the fire and explosion problems caused by lithium-ion battery thermal runaway in the energy storage compartment of a ship,a prismatic lithium iron phosphate(LFP)battery with a nominal capacity of 230Ah was used.Through experimental studies on the thermal runaway characteristics of large-capacity LFP batteries under different oxygen concentrations in a confined space,the changes in battery thermal runaway behavior,temperature,and gas composition over time were obtained after artificial ignition.The differences in battery characteristic parameters under different oxygen concentrations were analyzed.The results showed that the thermal runaway process can be divided into three stages:heat accumulation,open flame combustion,and thermal runaway and cooling.Under an initial oxygen concentration of 13%in the cabin,there was no open flame combustion stage.The minimum oxygen concentration for the flame in the battery compartment to be extinguished is 14.41%,and the main combustible gases are H_(2) and C_(2)H_(6).The explosion limit of the battery is 4%to 64.1%.As the initial oxygen concentration in the cabin decreases,the explosive range of the flammable gases is shortened,and the lower explosion limit under the non-open flame condition is the lowest,resulting in a higher explosion risk in the battery compartment.

关 键 词：磷酸铁锂电池 氧浓度 热失控 

分 类 号：U698.4[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]