不同补风速率对船舶油料池火灾控烟效果数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of Smoke Control Effect of Ship Oil Tank Fire with Different Air Replenishment Rates

作　　者：陈雷 袁金永 高涵 马永智 金晔 张宇伦 CHEN Lei;YUAN Jin-yong;GAO Han;MA Yong-zhi;JIN Ye;ZHANG Yu-lun(Marine Design and Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200011,China;Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geoscience(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;China Railway Construction Port and Shipping Administration Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhuhai Guangdong 519070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,上海200011 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,武汉430074 [3]中国铁建港航局集团有限公司,广东珠海519070

出　　处：《船海工程》2025年第2期131-135,144,共6页Ship & Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52406162);国家资助博士后研究人员计划C档(GZC20241593);中国博士后科学基金(2024M753029);湖北省博士后项目(2024HBBHCXA090)。

摘　　要：针对船舶结构复杂性及传统实验方法局限性,采用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS 6.7.4,通过数值模拟分析补风速率对火灾烟气温度分布及浓度变化的影响。模拟中设置了多种补风速率条件,并建立油池火源模型,进行网格独立性分析以优化计算精度。结果表明,不同补风速率对火灾区域温度和烟气浓度有显著影响。较高的补风速率可有效降低火灾区域温度与烟气浓度,促进燃料充分燃烧,减少有毒气体生成;而较低的补风速率则导致氧气供应不足,燃烧不完全,烟气浓度升高。研究还发现,适当补风能够改善烟气排放速率,减少火灾区域烟气积聚,但过高的补风速率可能引发烟气紊乱,反而降低控烟效果。综上,合理调节补风速率可显著提升船舶火灾控烟效果,为船舶设计和火灾应对提供理论依据和技术支持。In response to the complexity of ship structures and the limitations of traditional experimental methods,the fire dynamics simulation software FDS 6.7.4 was used to analyze the effect of air replenishment rate on the temperature distribution and concentration changes of fire smoke through numerical simulation.Multiple air replenishment rate conditions were set in the simulation,and an oil pool fire source model was established for grid independence analysis to optimize calculation accuracy.The results indicate that different air supply rates have a significant impact on the temperature and smoke concentration in the fire area.A higher air supply rate can effectively reduce the temperature and smoke concentration in the fire area,promote full combustion of fuel,and reduce the generation of toxic gases;However,a lower air replenishment rate leads to insufficient oxygen supply,incomplete combustion,and increased smoke concentration.The study also found that appropriate air supply can improve smoke emission rate and reduce smoke accumulation in fire areas,but excessive air supply rate may cause smoke disorder and actually reduce the effectiveness of smoke control.In summary,adjusting the air supply rate reasonably can significantly improve the smoke control effect of ship fires,providing theoretical basis and technical support for ship design and fire response.

关 键 词：船舶火灾 温度 补风速率 控烟效果 FDS 

分 类 号：U662[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]