舰船冷站燃油火灾排烟策略实验研究  

Experimental Study on Fuel Fire Smoke Extraction Strategy in Ship Cold Station

作　　者：黄峙 王馨[1] 余阳 余光辉 林锦 HUANG Zhi;WANG Xin;YU Yang;YU Guang-hui;LIN Jin(China Ship Development and Design Center,Wuhan 430064,China;National Key Laboratory of Fire Safety,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国舰船研究设计中心,武汉430064 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室,合肥230026

出　　处：《船海工程》2025年第2期163-170,共8页Ship & Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52206180);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(WK2320000068)。

摘　　要：针对舰船冷站火灾排烟策略不明等问题,设计舰船冷站典型燃油火灾场景,构建舱室模型和火源模型,开展不同排烟策略下舱室排烟试验研究,评估排烟策略对舱室内火灾热释放速率、温度变化、气体浓度及能见度的影响。研究发现排烟策略对火场内多项指标有显著影响。策略1(火灾初期立即开启排烟)能够有效抑制舱室内热量积聚,但对火源附近的温度控制效果有限;策略2(延迟开启排烟)在抑制火灾初期热释放的同时,对温度、气体浓度和能见度的控制均表现出较好的平衡效果,尤其适合持续时间较长的火灾场景;策略3(火灾熄灭后开启排烟)能够在火灾后期迅速改善能见度和降低有害气体浓度,但会导致初期舱内有毒气体积聚。对比不同排烟策略,策略2在整体烟气控制效果上具有优势。To address issues such as unclear smoke exhaust strategies in shipboard cold rooms during fire incidents,by designing the typical fuel fire scenarios in cold rooms on ships,constructing compartment and fire source models,the smoke exhaust experiments under different strategies were carried out.The impact of these strategies on fire heat release rate,temperature changes,gas concentration,and visibility inside the compartment was evaluated.The results showed that the smoke exhaust strategy significantly affects multiple parameters in the fire scene.Strategy 1(immediate activation of smoke exhaust at the early stage of fire)can effectively suppress the accumulation of heat in the compartment,but has limited effectiveness in controlling temperature near the fire source;strategy 2(delayed activation of smoke exhaust)not only suppresses the heat release in the early stage of the fire but also achieves a better balance in controlling temperature,gas concentration,and visibility,making it especially suitable for long-duration fire scenarios,strategy 3(activation of smoke exhaust after the fire is extinguished)can rapidly improve visibility and reduce harmful gas concentrations in the later stage of the fire,but may lead to the accumulation of toxic gases during the initial stage.Comparing the three strategies,Strategy 2 demonstrates advantages in overall smoke control.

关 键 词：舰船火灾 排烟策略 热释放速率 气体浓度 能见度 温度控制 

分 类 号：U662[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]