电磁式铁路货车枕簧拆装夹具的设计与试验研究  

Design and Study on Electromagnetic Disassembly Fixture for Bolster Spring in Railway Freight Car

作　　者：熊锋 陈昌皓 XIONG Feng;CHEN Changhao(Research Institute of Science and Technology,China Railway Wuhan Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430071 Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路武汉局集团有限公司科学技术研究所,武汉430071

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2025年第S1期94-101,共8页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：中国铁路武汉局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(24L04)。

摘　　要：为了减轻枕簧拆装作业的劳动强度,提高现场作业自动化和机械化程度,基于电磁理论设计电磁式枕簧拆装夹具、电磁铁结构参数,并建立三维模型,仿真分析漆包铜扁线安匝数以及结构参数对枕簧电磁力和磁感应强度的影响及其变化规律,得到漆包线最佳规格,并对夹具进行电磁试验研究。研究发现:通过参数化电磁仿真,得到漆包铜扁线最佳尺寸为宽边2.5 mm,窄边0.8 mm;在垂直悬吊电磁铁试验中,线圈电流随总质量的变化趋势逐渐增大,对摇枕簧组和减振簧组的最大配重质量分别为92、69 kg;在水平固定电磁铁试验中,线圈电流随摇枕外簧和斜楔总重量的增加均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,最大配重质量分别为46、27.7 kg,对减振外簧总重量的增加呈现逐渐增大的变化趋势,最大配重质量为52 kg。In order to reduce the labor intensity of bolster spring disassembly and make the site work more automatic and mechanized,an electromagnetic disassembly fixture for bolster spring in railway freight car is designed based on the electromagnetic theory.The main technical parameters of the electromagnetic are theoretically designed,and a 3D model of the electromagnetic core is established.The influence of the number of turns,the current and the structural parameters of the enameled flat copper wires on the electromagnetic force and magnetic induction intensity of the bolster spring are simulated and analyzed,and the optimal size and specification of the enameled wires are obtained.The relationship between the electromagnetic force of the designed fixture and the current in two different installation modes,namely vertical suspension and horizontal fixation,is experimentally studied.It is found that the optimal size of the enameled flat copper wire is 2.5 mm on the wide side and 0.8 mm on the narrow side through parametric electromagnetic simulation.When the solenoid is vertically suspended,the current increases with the increase of total mass,and the maximum counterweight on the bolster spring group and the damping spring group is 92 kg and 69 kg respectively.When the solenoid is horizontally fixed,the current increases first and then decreases with the increase of total weight of the bolster spring and the wedge,whose maximum counterweight is 46 kg and 27.7 kg respectively,and the current increases with the increase of total weight of dampened external spring,whose maximum counterweight is 52 kg.

关 键 词：货车枕簧 枕簧拆装 夹具设计 电磁仿真 电磁力 

分 类 号：U272[机械工程—车辆工程]