无锡大窑路清代砖窑建筑研究  

A Study of the Qing-Dynasty Brick Kiln Architecture on Dayao Road,Wuxi,Jiangsu Province

作　　者：阮景 Ruan Jing(School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096)

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院,南京210096

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第4期79-87,共9页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50878043)

摘　　要：明清时期制砖技术的飞跃与城市建设的兴盛,促使各地砖窑业蓬勃发展,并逐渐成为重要的手工业之一。文章以无锡大窑路清代半倒焰窑为研究对象,通过测绘调查与居民访谈,探讨其形制及构造特点。研究表明,大窑路砖窑业的聚落格局以砖窑为中心,契合生产与生活的双重需求。砖窑建筑采用酒坛形窑膛和环置烟囱的地上窑炉,形制质朴、独特,且因地制宜;构造上采用半圆券、券伏相间、阶梯式起拱、拱壳砌筑等做法,灵活多样,经济实用。大窑路砖窑建筑不仅地域特色鲜明,亦反映了苏南至南方民间砖窑建筑及明清砖构的技术特点。The leap of brickmaking technology and the prosperity of urban construction in the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368–1911)enabled the brick industry to flourish and gradually become one of the most important handicraft industries all over China.This article focuses on the Qing-dynasty(1644–1911)semi-downdraught brick kiln architecture on Dayao Road,Wuxi,Jiangsu Province,analysing its formal and structural characteristics through surveying and mapping and interviews with residents.The results show that,first,the settlement pattern on Dayao Road was developed around the brick kilns to meet the needs of both production and life.Second,the brick kilns were plain but unique in architectural forms and adapted to local conditions,with an above-ground kiln,a demijohn-shaped chamber,and surrounding chimneys.Third,the structure is flexible,economical,and practical,adopting various forms,such as semicircular arches,arches of alternately coursed voussoirs,arches with stepped springing lines,and dome structures.The brick kiln architecture on Dayao Road showcases not only distinctive regional characteristics but also the technological features of brick kiln construction in southern Jiangsu Province and southern China,as well as the brick masonry techniques in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：无锡大窑路 清代 砖窑建筑 半倒焰窑 砖构技术 窑业聚落 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU362[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K878.5[历史地理—历史学]