螺纹连接失效机理与防护的研究进展  

Failure Mechanism and Protection of Threaded Connections

作　　者：黄志宇 王新礼 田盼 汪洋 刘兰轩 刘秀生 吴正江[3] 王博 HUANG Zhiyu;WANG Xinli;TIAN Pan;WANG Yang;LIU Lanxuan;LIU Xiusheng;WU Zhengjiang;WANG Bo(State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology,Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection,Wuhan 430030,China;China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group,Beijing 100080,China;Wuhan Second Ship Design&Research Institute,Wuhan 430014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院武汉材料保护研究所有限公司特种表面保护材料及应用技术国家重点实验室,武汉430030 [2]中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司,北京100080 [3]武汉第二船舶设计研究所,武汉430014

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第8期33-50,共18页Surface Technology

摘　　要：螺纹连接在工程应用领域是必不可少的一种连接方式。其优点在于结构简单、连接可靠、拆卸方便、成本低廉等。然而在实际应用中,受环境腐蚀、振动、外部冲击等因素的影响,螺纹连接失效概率较大,从而导致设备损坏或安全事故,造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此,对螺纹连接的失效机理进行深入研究,并提出有效的预防和保护措施,对提高设备的安全性和可靠性具有实际意义。基于对近年来相关文献报道的广泛调研,从基本科学原理出发,总结并探讨了螺纹连接的主要失效机理与预防措施。首先重点分析了螺纹断裂、螺纹腐蚀、螺纹磨损等现象的失效机理,研究了包括预紧力、应力集中、振动、环境条件等在内的各种影响因素,另外,针对螺纹连接失效的不同形式总结了其主要的措施及手段,包括电镀、涂层、添加缓蚀剂、热处理和表面硬化处理等,并分析了这些措施的优势与缺点。现有的防护手段存在缺陷并且缺少相应的检测防控手段。例如,使用热处理强化方法会对材料的性能产生影响、镀层不能长时间进行防护、表面处理成本高等。最后,针对螺纹连接失效及其防护研究的重点和热点问题与改进进行了展望。As an important mechanical connection,the threaded connection has a wide range of applications covering many industries such as construction,automotive,aerospace,electric power,petrochemical,etc.The advantages of this type of connection are that it is structurally reliable,easy to connect and disassemble,and cost effective.However,in practice,environmental corrosion,vibration,external impact and other factors will have an impact on the threaded connection,resulting in its failure.This not only leads to equipment damage,but also may cause safety accidents,bringing serious economic losses and casualties to the enterprise.Therefore,carrying out in-depth study of the failure mechanism of threaded connection,and putting forward effective preventive measures accordingly to improve the safety and reliability of equipment are of great practical significance.Based on the extensive research of relevant literature reports in recent years,the main failure mechanism and preventive measures of thread fracture,thread corrosion and thread wear are analyzed.Various factors such as preload,stress concentration,vibration and environmental conditions are also investigated.Secondly,for the previous thread fracture,thread corrosion,thread wear and other conditions,the various measures to prevent the thread connection failure are summarized,including coating,coating,corrosion inhibitor,heat treatment and surface hardening treatment,and the advantages and disadvantages of these measures are analyzed.Thread fracture usually requires the stress concentration of long hours and the effect of external impact,which can be eliminated by stress and heat treatment,refine the grain,and improve the toughness and plasticity of the material,but the high temperature will decrease the coarse hardness of the grain.Thread corrosion usually reacts with corrosive media in a specific chemical environment.Measures such as using corrosion-resistant materials and applying anti corrosive coating can be taken to isolate the contact between thread pairs and corr

关 键 词：失效分析 螺纹断裂 螺纹腐蚀 螺纹防护 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]