晚清船舶工业“借才异域”考述  

Research and Evaluation of"Borrowing Talents from Foreign Lands"in the Shipbuilding Industry of the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：周盼 赵勇[2] ZHOU Pan;ZHAO Yong(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003,China;School of Marxism,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学科学技术史研究所,江苏镇江212003 [2]江苏科技大学马克思主义学院,江苏镇江212003

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期28-35,共8页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研创新计划课题“晚清船舶工业发展中的洋员研究”(KYCX21_3417)。

摘　　要：19世纪60年代,面对西方列强的侵略,清政府为了自强,拉开了洋务运动的序幕,中国的近代化也由此展开。因为人才短缺,洋务派“借才异城”势在必行。在“真才实学”等一系列聘才思想的指导下,清政府结合实际情况,通过各种途径招募外籍科技人才。中央直办的管理举措,辅以权责分明的合同制度,使洋员的行为得以规范。外籍科技人才为清政府新式事业的发展提供了各方面帮助。一方面,“借才异域”不仅推动了当时海军学校的建立,而且进一步促进了晚清船舶工业的发展,使中国近代化事业前进了一大步;另一方面,也造成部分主权和资源的损失。In the 1860s,in the face of aggression from Western powers,the Qing government,in an effort to strengthen itself,initiated the Self-Strengthening Movement,thus kicking off China's modernization.Due to a shortage of talent,it was imperative for the Self-Strengthening faction to"borrow talent from abroad".Guided by a series of recruitment ideas such as"genuine talent and practical learning",the Qing government,in light of the actual situation,recruited foreign scientific and technological talents through various channels.The central government's direct management measures,supplemented by a clear rights and responsibilities contract system,further regulated the behavior of foreign experts.Foreign scientific and technological talents provided assistance in various aspects for the development of the Qing government's new undertakings."Borrowing talent from abroad"not only promoted the establishment of naval schools at that time,but also further advanced the development of the late Qing shipbuilding industry,taking China's modernization efforts a big step forward.However,it also led to the loss of some sovereignty and resources.

关 键 词：晚清 船舶工业 借才异域 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]