迷宫形透空式防波堤的水动力性能试验研究  

Experimental study on the hydrodynamic performance of labyrinth-type permeable breakwaters

作　　者：何方[1] 陈妍[1] 潘佳鹏 HE Fang;CHEN Yan;PAN Jiapeng(Ocean College,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《海洋工程》2025年第2期1-11,共11页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52022092);浙江省万人计划科技创新领军人才资助项目(2021R52050)。

摘　　要：为提升透空式防波堤波浪防护效果,研究提出一种具有内部迷宫透浪通道的形式,迫使波浪发生多重反射和绕射,并在该过程中诱导涡旋形成,逐级消耗波浪能量。基于波浪水槽物理模型试验对防波堤的透反射和波能耗散特性展开研究,并重点关注其消浪结构形式、潮位以及入射波高的影响。研究结果表明,相比于采用菱形柱和圆形柱,内部消浪结构采用十字形柱时的波浪防护性能更为优异,其复杂内部结构显著增强了波能耗散,具有良好的防透射与降反射特性。在试验范围内,低潮位和大波高情况下,迷宫形透空式防波堤具有更好的波浪防护性能。研究还进一步分析了该防波堤形式所受波压力的情况,并发现其所受波压力沿波浪传播方向逐级衰减,前两排消浪结构单元所受波压力峰值明显较大,且在波能耗散中的作用最为显著,在该防波堤形式的工程应用中需进行加固。To enhance the wave protection performance of permeable breakwaters,a type of internal labyrinthine wave passage is proposed.The waves are forced to undergo multiple wave reflections and diffractions,inducing vortex formation and gradually dissipating wave energy.Physical model tests with wave flumes were conducted to investigate the transmission,reflection,and wave energy dissipation characteristics of this design,with a focus on the effects of wave-dissipating structural forms,tidal levels,and incident wave heights.The results indicate that compared with rhombic and circular columns,the use of cross-shaped columns as internal wave-dissipating structures provides superior wave protection.The complex internal structures significantly enhance wave energy dissipation and exhibit excellent anti-reflection properties.Within the experimental range,the breakwater performs better wave protectionunder low tidal levels and high wave heights.Additionally,the study analyzed the wave pressures acting on this breakwater design,revealing a progressive attenuation of wave pressure along the wave propagation direction.The wave pressure peaks are notably higher on the first two rows of wave-dissipating structural units,which play a critical role in energy dissipation.These findings suggest that reinforcement of these units is necessary for engineering applications of this breakwater design.

关 键 词：迷宫形 透空式防波堤 波浪防护 波压力 

分 类 号：TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]