考虑波浪对粉砂质岸坡作用的离心模型试验  

Centrifugal model tests on the effects of waves on silty sand slopes

作　　者：张晨[1] 朱洵 王羿 顾行文[1] ZHANG Chen;ZHU Xun;WANG Yi;GU Xingwen(Geotechnical Engineering Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院岩土工程研究所,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《海洋工程》2025年第2期114-123,共10页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB2600701);江苏省科技计划项目(BK20221193)。

摘　　要：波浪作用对岸坡稳定性有显著影响。为在模型试验中反映波浪作用下岸坡的真实应力状态,完成了一组关于有限水深条件下波浪对粉砂质岸坡作用的离心模型试验,其中超重力环境下的波浪由冲箱式造波机生成。介绍了超重力场下冲箱式造波机的造波特点,根据试验结果分析了粉砂质岸坡在波浪作用下的冲刷特征和破坏模式,提出了基于冲刷形态的剥蚀率指标,并探讨了岸坡表面和土体内部孔隙水压力的变化规律。结果表明,粉砂质岸坡在波浪作用下出现了明显的侵蚀-后退现象,水面线附近侵蚀严重,破坏面的坡率大约在65°,破坏模式表现为浅层滑坡。水面线附近的岸坡受波浪作用影响,出现了类似“液化”现象;同时坡内的渗流过程进一步影响了岸坡稳定性。Wave action has a significant influence on slope stability.To accurately reflect the stress state of slopes under wave action in model tests,a series of centrifugal model tests were conducted on silty sand slopes under finite water depth conditions.Waves in the hypergravity environment were generated using a plunger-type wave maker.This study introduces the wave-making characteristics of the plunger-type wave maker under hypergravity conditions.Based on the experimental results,the scouring characteristics of silty sand slopes under wave action were analyzed,along with the failure modes of the slopes.An erosion rate index based on scouring patterns was proposed,and variations in pore water pressure on the slope surface and within the soil mass were investigated.The results indicate that silty sand slopes experience significant erosion-retreat phenomena under wave action,with severe erosion occurring near the waterline.The slope angle of the failure surface is approximately 65°,and the failure mode is characterized as shallow landslides.Near the waterline,the slopes exhibit a phenomenon resembling“liquefaction”due to wave action,while internal seepage processes further affect slope stability.

关 键 词：粉砂质岸坡 离心模型试验 冲箱式造波机 波浪作用 侵蚀特性 

分 类 号：TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]