In-situ observation of nonmetallic inclusions in steel using confocal scanning laser microscopy:A review  

作　　者：Ying Ren Lifeng Zhang 

机构地区：[1]School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China [2]School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China

出　　处：《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》2025年第5期975-991,共17页矿物冶金与材料学报(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFB3709900);the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20171);China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202315);the High Steel Center(HSC)at North China University of Technology;University of Science and Technology Beijing,China.

摘　　要：The characteristics of nonmetallic inclusions formed during steel production have a significant influence on steel performance.In this paper,studies on inclusions using confocal scanning laser microscopy(CSLM)are reviewed and summarized,particularly the col-lision of various inclusions,dissolution of inclusions in liquid slag,and reactions between inclusions and steel.Solid inclusions exhibited a high collision tendency,whereas pure liquid inclusions exhibited minimal collisions because of the small attraction force induced by their<90°contact angle with molten steel.The collision of complex inclusions in molten steel was not included in the scope of this study and should be evaluated in future studies.Higher CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)and CaO/SiO_(2)ratios in liquid slag promoted the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3)-based in-clusions.The formation of solid phases in the slag should be prevented to improve dissolution of inclusions.To accurately simulate the dissolution of inclusions in liquid slag,in-situ observation of the dissolution of inclusions at the steel-slag interface is necessary.Using a combination of CSLM and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy,the composition and morphological evolution of the inclusions during their modification by the dissolved elements in steel were observed and analyzed.Although the in-situ observa-tion of MnS and TiN precipitations has been widely studied,the in-situ observation of the evolution of oxide inclusions in steel during so-lidification and heating processes has rarely been reported.The effects of temperature,heating and cooling rates,and inclusion character-istics on the formation of acicular ferrites(AFs)have been widely studied.At a cooling rate of 3-5 K/s,the order of AF growth rate in-duced by different inclusions,as reported in literature,is Ti-O<Ti-Ca-Zr-Al-O<Mg-O<Ti-Zr-Al-O<Mn-Ti-Al-O<Ti-Al-O<Zr-Ti-Al-O.Further comprehensive experiments are required to investigate the quantitative relationship between the formation of AFs and inclusions.

关 键 词：INCLUSION STEEL in-situ observation confocal scanning laser microscopy 

分 类 号：TF703[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]