面向车联网数据传输可靠性的共识机制研究  

Consensus Mechanism Research on the Reliability of Data Transmission in the Internet of Vehicles

作　　者：王琼惠 张文波[1] WANG Qionghui;ZHANG Wenbo(Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学信息科学与工程学院,沈阳110159

出　　处：《沈阳理工大学学报》2025年第3期60-66,共7页Journal of Shenyang Ligong University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(重点攻关项目)(LJKZZ20220038)。

摘　　要：车联网环境中数据传输量呈指数增加,路况信息复杂多变,由此导致的数据传输可靠性问题愈发严重。确保车联网内各个车辆节点传输数据的统一性是应对问题的关键,而共识机制研究则是实现该目标的重要途径。针对上述问题,基于实用拜占庭容错(practical Byzantine fault tolerance,PBFT)共识算法提出一种基于信誉的R-PBFT共识机制:对车辆节点提出基于直接交互值和推荐交互值的全局信誉评分机制;设置安全信誉阈值,通过信誉值比较将车辆节点分类为候选节点集和普通节点集;通过随机数生成器在候选节点集中随机选取一车辆节点作为本轮共识的代理节点,负责打包并生成区块提案;通过奖惩机制对本轮共识过程中车辆节点的行为予以信誉奖惩并更新节点全局信誉值。实验结果表明,相较PBFT,R-PBFT共识算法兼顾了时延和可靠性的优化,不仅在高密度和高恶意节点比例的环境下表现出较好的扩展性,而且在共识过程中提高了数据传输的可靠性。In the internet of vehicles environment,the volume of data transmission is increasing exponentially,and the road condition information is complex and changeable.As a result,the problem of data transmission reliability is becoming increasingly serious.Ensuring the uniformity of data transmission among all vehicle nodes in the internet of vehicles is the key to addressing this issue,and consensus mechanism research is an important way to achieve this goal.To address the above problems,a reputation-based R-PBFT consensus mechanism is proposed based on the practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)consensus algorithm:a global reputation scoring mechanism based on direct interaction values and recommended interaction values is proposed for vehicle nodes;a security reputation threshold is set,and vehicle nodes are classified into candidate node sets and ordinary node sets through reputation value comparison;a vehicle node is randomly selected from the candidate node set as the proxy node for this round of consensus through a random number generator,which is responsible for packaging and generating block proposals;a reward and punishment mechanism is used to give reputation rewards and punishments to the behavior of vehicle nodes during this round of consensus and update the global reputation value of the nodes.Experimental results show that compared with PBFT,the R-PBFT consensus algorithm optimizes both delay and reliability.It not only shows better scalability in high-density and high-malicious-node-ratio environments but also improves the reliability of data transmission during the consensus process.

关 键 词：车联网 实用拜占庭容错算法 信誉值 区块链 

分 类 号：TP309.2[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]