明代地方巡视考察制度  

Local Inspection System in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：柏桦 李子煊 BAI Hua;LI Zixuan(School of Marxism,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学马克思主义学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽理工大学人文社会科学学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期17-25,共9页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Social Science

摘　　要：为了加强对地方的控制,明代构建了多层次的巡视考察制度,既有最初职官设计的按察分司巡视考察,又有临时派遣而后成为常制的巡按、巡抚;除此之外,还陆续增设兵备道、提学道及各种专业道,与分守道、分巡道一起对所属地方巡视考察。明代地方巡视考察所形成的监察网络,在预防官员违法违纪、惩治贪官污吏、减少决策失误、调整统治政策、促使政策实施、保证国家财政收入、严密控制军队,以及避免司法审判畸轻畸重、减少冤狱、整饬文书等方面发挥监督的效用,却也出现权力过大、侵夺行政权力、难以协调兼顾、加剧官场腐败等诸多弊端,值得思考的问题较多。To consolidate central authority over local administrations,the Ming Dynasty built a multi-head inspection system,including the initial division inspection designed by the officials,and temporary dispatch and later become the regular system of inspectors and governors.In addition,specialized circuits(dao)for military,educational,and administrative supervision were added for local inspection.The supervision network formed by local inspection in the Ming Dynasty played a supervisory role in preventing officials from violating laws and discipline,punishing corrupt officials,reducing decision-making errors,adjusting ruling policies,promoting the implementation of policies,ensuring national fiscal revenue,strictly controlling the army,avoiding judicial trials that were not light or heavy,reducing unjust sentences,and ordering documents.However,there are many drawbacks such as excessive power,expropriation of administrative power,difficulty in coordination,and aggravation of official corruption,which are worth thinking about.

关 键 词：巡抚 巡按 守巡道 兵备道 巡视考察 

分 类 号：D691.49[政治法律—政治学] K248[政治法律—中外政治制度]