甲骨卜辞所见殷商军事力量探析  

Analysis of the Military Power of the Shang Dynasty as Seen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

作　　者：张亚南 ZHANG Yanan(School of Literature,Langfang Normal University,Hebei,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]廊坊师范学院文学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期47-53,共7页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Social Science

基　　金：廊坊师范学院科研基金——博士(后)科研启动费项目:甲金文中军事动词比较研究(XBQ202149);河北省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度一般课题:区域视角下中华优秀传统文化与语文学科的融合研究(2205372)。

摘　　要：以甲骨卜辞为研究对象,从军队规模、国防设施、情报侦搜能力、后勤保障体系等方面入手探析殷商时期商王朝的军事力量。研究发现:殷商时期兵种齐全,以步兵和车兵为主,并辅以一定数量的骑兵;兵器数量繁多,后世常见兵器均已被广泛应用于战争。殷商的军队分为负责王都安全的常备守卫部队和临时按族邑征调的正式作战部队,参战人数众多且军事组织制度化。城防设施的修建以及边疆警卫系统的构筑使殷商国防比较完善,情报的侦察搜集与较为成熟的驲传制度可保证消息的及时传递。此外,殷商军事力量强大与其良好的后勤基础分不开,商王非常重视粮食生产和粮仓建设,而附属国族的贡纳不仅有效补充了商王朝的经济所需,同时也在一定程度上增强了殷商的后勤保障能力。Taking the oracle bone inscriptions as the research object,the military strength of the Shang Dynasty was analyzed from the aspects of military scale,national defense facilities,intelligence investigation and search ability,and logistics support system.It is found that the arms of the Yin and Shang Dynasties were complete,mainly infantry and chariot soldiers,supplemented by a certain number of cavalry.There are a large number of weapons,and the common weapons of later generations have been widely used in war.Troops of Yin and Shang were divided into standing force which was responsible for capital′s safety and formal combat unit which was called up provisionally according to cognate.The numbers were large and the military was institutionalized.The construction of city defense facilities and border guard system made the national defense of Yin and Shang relatively perfect,and the reconnaissance and collection of intelligence and the relatively mature communication system could ensure the timely transmission of information.In addition,the strong military strength of the Shang dynasty could not be separated from its good logistics base.The Shang king attached great importance to grain production and granary construction,and the tribute of the vassal states not only effectively supplemented the economic needs of the Shang dynasty,but also enhanced the logistics support ability of the Shang Dynasty to a certain extent.

关 键 词：甲骨文 军事 规模 国防 情报 后勤 

分 类 号：K223[历史地理—历史学]