“凡是自诩为国际化的,都算是国际化”——对高等教育国际化定义演变的审思  

"Everything that quacks is internationalization":critical reflections on the evolution of higher education internationalization

作　　者：汉斯·德威特 张力玮[2] 刘进[3] DE WIT Hans;ZHANG Liwei;LIU Jin(Centre for International Higher Education,Boston College,Boston M A 02467,United States;Centre on Education Management Information,Ministry of Education of P.R.C,Beijing 100816,China;School of Education,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]波士顿学院国际高等教育中心,美国马萨诸塞州02467 [2]教育部教育管理信息中心,北京100816 [3]北京理工大学教育学院,北京100086

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2025年第3期32-39,共8页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目(24JYA006)。

摘　　要：高等教育国际化缘起于以国际性活动和相关行政程序为基础的国际教育,在实践者和理论学者的持续参与和推动下,逐渐发展为广受关注的研究领域。奈特对高等教育国际化的定义在被全球学界广泛采用的同时,也受到各种质疑和批评。近年来,高等教育国际化定义仍在不断变化,以来自全球南方的学者为代表的学界更重视文化相关性方法的使用,并在此基础上提出了新的定义。“智能国际化”“负责任的国际化”“人文国际化”等术语的出现也体现了学者对国际化理论的反思。在持续的批判和重新定义中,当前高等教育国际化需要一个新的开端。与寻求理想的定义相比,学界努力描述高等教育国际化的发展方向更为重要;高等教育国际化需要摒弃新自由主义导向,转而坚定地以维护以社会公共利益为核心追求,从少数精英的利益转向全纳的全球学习,从西方范式转向全球平等。为此,研究者共同体不仅需要改变学术讨论的焦点,而且要让政策制定者、师生等重要的参与群体达成共识。The internationalization of higher education originated from international education based on international activities and related administrative procedures.Under the continuous participation and promotion of scholar-practitioners,it has gradually developed into a widely discussed theme.Jane Knight′s definition of the internationalization of higher education has been extensively used and debated globally,but it has also faced criticisms.In recent years,the definition of the internationalization of higher education continues to evolve.Scholars from the Global South have placed greater emphasis on culturally relevant approaches and proposed new definitions.Terms such as"intelligent internationalization""responsible internationalization"and"humanistic internationalization"reflect scholars′reflections on internationalization theory.Amidst ongoing criticism and re-definition,current internationalization of higher education needs a new beginning.Compared to searching for the ideal definition,it is more important to describe new directions of higher education internationalization;it needs to shift from neoliberal approaches to long-term social interests,from a benefit for a small elite towards global learning for all,and from a western paradigm to a global and equal process.To achieve this,it is necessary not only to change the focus of academic discussions but also to reach consensus among important stakeholders such as policymakers,students,and teachers.

关 键 词：国际化 高等教育 定义 国际教育 社会利益 全民全球学习 全球平等 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]