基于新型内存语义互连协议的内存池系统研究综述  

A survey of memory pool systems based on emerging memory-semantic interconnect protocols

作　　者：洪文韬 吴利舟 张金涛 孟凡丰 欧洋[1] 王子聪 肖侬[1] HONG Wentao;WU Lizhou;ZHANG Jintao;MENG Fanfeng;OU Yang;WANG Zicong;XIAO Nong(College of Computer Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学计算机学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《计算机工程与科学》2025年第4期601-611,共11页Computer Engineering & Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4500304);国家自然科学基金(62332021,62304257);国防科技大学高性能计算国家重点实验室开放课题(202201-13)。

摘　　要：在大数据时代,AI和云计算等各种数据中心应用对于大规模数据的存储和计算需求变得越来越迫切,而海量数据的访问开销已成为限制系统性能的主要瓶颈。此外,现有数据中心架构还存在内存利用率不高和内存扩展能力受限的问题。基于新型内存语义互连协议的内存池系统具备高带宽、低能耗、大容量和可扩展等一系列特点,为解决上述问题提供了新的思路,将对未来的数据中心架构产生重大影响。讨论并对比了OpenCAPI、Gen-Z、CCIX、NVLink和CXL 5种新型内存语义互连协议的特点和工作方式,分析了其在构建内存池系统中的作用,还进一步探讨了其在内存池系统方面的应用研究。不管是在工业界还是学术界,CXL是目前关注度最高、发展前景最好的一种内存语义互连技术,因此特别强调了CXL的特点、优势和研究现状。最后,分析了目前基于新型内存语义互连协议的内存池系统仍然面临的挑战,并对未来该方向的研究进行了展望。In the era of big data,applications in various data centers,such as AI and cloud comput-ing,have increasingly urgent needs for storing and computing large-scale data,while the access overhead of massive data has become a major bottleneck limiting system performance.In addition,existing data center architectures suffer from issues of low memory utilization and limited memory expansion capabilities.Memory pool systems based on new memory semantic interconnect protocols offer a range of characteristics,including high bandwidth,low energy consumption,large capacity,and scalability,providing new insights into addressing these issues and exerting a significant impact on future data center architectures.This paper discusses and compares the features and operating modes of five new memory semantic interconnect protocols:OpenCAPI,Gen-Z,CCIX,NVLink,and CXL.It analyzes their roles in constructing memory pool systems and further explores their application research.Both in industry and academia,CXL currently attracts the highest attention and holds the best development prospects among memory semantic interconnect technologies.Therefore,we specifically emphasize the characteristics,advantages,and research status of CXL.Finally,we analyze the challenges still faced by memory pool systems based on new memory semantic interconnect protocols and offer prospects for future research in this direction.

关 键 词：数据中心架构 内存语义互连 内存池 计算高速链路 

分 类 号：TP302[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]