基于超声波空化效应的废旧磷酸铁锂电池的回收工艺研究  

A recycling process of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries based on ultrasonic cavitation effect

作　　者：平开朗 朱华炳[1] 柏宇轩 胡翔宇 毕海军[2] PING Kailang;ZHU Huabing;BAI Yuxuan;HU Xiangyu;BI Haijun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;School of Tea Science,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学机械工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]安徽农业大学茶业学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第4期433-438,共6页Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(52205509);安徽省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(2208085QE155);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点资助项目(KJ2021A0146)。

摘　　要：针对大量退役的废旧磷酸铁锂电池,文章研究了一种废旧磷酸铁锂电池材料的回收工艺。废旧磷酸铁锂电池进行放电和拆解后,采用正交试验分析不同超声功率和时间对电极材料回收效果的影响;将低温热处理作为超声波清洗前处理手段,探究不同热处理温度和时间下电极材料的解离效果,采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)评估低温热处理对粘结剂的破坏程度,利用图像处理技术和X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)检测评估低温热处理-超声工艺对电极材料解离效果和回收产物纯度。以100 W超声功率对负极片清洗300 s后,石墨完全从铜箔上脱离,铜和石墨的纯度均达到99.0%;以300℃对正极片低温热处理60 min,再以550 W的超声功率对正极片清洗20 min后,磷酸铁锂的回收纯度达到98.6%。For a large number of decommissioned lithium iron phosphate batteries,a recycling process of waste lithium iron phosphate battery material was studied in this paper.After discharging and disassembling the waste lithium iron phosphate battery,the orthogonal experiment was performed to explore the influence of different ultrasonic power and time on the recovery effect of electrode material.The low temperature heat treatment was used as the pre-treatment method for ultrasonic cleaning.The dissociation effect of electrode material under different heat treatment temperature and time was investigated.The damage degree of low temperature heat treatment to adhesive was evaluated by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The dissociation effect of low temperature heat treatment-ultrasound process on electrode material and the purity of the recovered product were evaluated by image processing technology and X-ray diffraction(XRD)detection.After cleaning the negative plate with 100 W ultrasonic power for 300 s,the graphite is completely separated from the copper foil,and the purity of both copper and graphite reaches 99.0%.The recovery purity of lithium iron phosphate is 98.6%after 60 min heat treatment of positive plate at 300℃and 20 min cleaning at 550 W ultrasonic power.

关 键 词：超声空化 磷酸铁锂 超声波清洗 低温热处理 电池回收 铝箔 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]