喷施水杨酸和褪黑素对药隔期低温胁迫下小麦产量及生理特性的影响  

Effects of salicylic acid and melatonin on yield and physiological characteristics of wheat under low temperature stress at anther connective stage

作　　者：宋佳敏 何佳伟 蒋伟勤 车阳 李其胜 文廷刚[1] 顾大路[1] 杜小凤[1] 顾克军[2] 杨威[3] SONG Jiamin;HE Jiawei;JIANG Weiqin;CHE Yang;LI Qisheng;WEN Tinggang;GU Dalu;DU Xiaofeng;GU Kejun;YANG Wei(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province,Huai’an 223001,China;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [2]江苏省农业科学院,江苏南京210014 [3]淮阴师范学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第3期477-484,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(22)1002];淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金项目(HABL202227);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：为探明药隔期低温胁迫前喷施水杨酸和褪黑素对小麦光合作用、抗氧化特性及产量的影响,以淮麦40为材料开展盆栽试验。试验于药隔期人工模拟倒春寒(昼夜温度设置为2℃12 h/-2℃12 h),在低温胁迫前喷施300 mg/L水杨酸(SA处理)和46 mg/L褪黑素(MT处理),并以低温+清水(CL处理)、常温+清水(CK)作为对照,调查分析小麦产量及其生理特性的变化情况。结果表明,相比于CL处理,喷施水杨酸和褪黑素显著提高了叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)3种抗氧化酶的活性,并保持了较高的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度与氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)浓度的比值,使丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降。这有效缓解了低温对光合作用的抑制作用,故叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)和地上部干物质积累显著提高,有效减轻了低温对产量造成的不利影响,其中相较CL处理,MT处理、SA处理的小麦产量显著提高。同时,喷施水杨酸和褪黑素处理也缓解了低温对穗分化发育的不利影响,其穗粒数和穗数协同提高,而相较于CK,穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均未发生显著变化,其中以SA处理的效果更好。以上结果表明,药隔期低温胁迫前喷施水杨酸和褪黑素均能通过调控小麦体内抗氧化系统酶活性来增强小麦倒春寒抗性,保证小麦的正常生长发育。To investigate the effects of spraying salicylic acid and melatonin before low temperature stress during the anther connective stage on photosynthesis,antioxidant characteristics and yield of wheat,a pot experiment was conducted using Huaimai 40 as the material.The experiment artificially simulated late spring cold during the anther connective stage(day and night temperature was set at 2℃12 h/-2℃12 h),sprayed 300 mg/L salicylic acid(SA)and 46 mg/L melatonin(MT)before low temperature stress,and used low temperature+clean water(CL)and normal temperature+clean water(CK)as controls to investigate and analyze the changes in wheat yield and physiological characteristics.The results showed that compared with the CL treatment,spraying SA and MT significantly increased the activities of three antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and maintained a higher ratio of reduced glutathione(GSH)concentration to oxidized glutathione(GSSG)concentration in leaves,leading to a significant decrease in malondialdehyde(MDA)content.This effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of low temperature on photosynthesis,so the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and aboveground dry matter accumulation were significantly increased,which effectively mitigated the adverse effects of low temperature on yield.Compared with CL,the wheat yield was significantly increased in MT and SA.At the same time,the spraying treatment also alleviated the adverse effects of low temperature on spike differentiation and development,and the kernels per spike and spikes increased synergistically.Compared with CK,the spikes,kernels per spike and the 1000-kernel weight did not change significantly.Among them,SA had the best effect.The above results show that spraying salicylic acid and melatonin before low temperature stress during the anther connective stage can enhance the resistance of wheat to late spring cold by regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat,and ensure the normal growth and

关 键 词：小麦 倒春寒 药隔期 水杨酸 褪黑素 产量 生理特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]