不同改良剂对富硒高镉耕地土壤理化性质和玉米对硒、镉吸收的影响  

Effects of different amendments on the physicochemical properties of selenium-rich and high-cadmium cultivated soils and the absorption of selenium and cadmium by maize

作　　者：王钊 张小莉 杨杰 陈继平 张浩楠 吕家珑[1] 贾汉忠 代允超[1] WANG Zhao;ZHANG Xiaoli;YANG Jie;CHEN Jiping;ZHANG Haonan;LYU Jialong;JIA Hanzhong;DAI Yunchao(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China;Hanyin County Forestry Technology Extension Station,Ankang 725000,China;Xingping Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xingping 712000,China;Shaanxi Hydrogeology Engineering Geology and Environment Geology Survey Center,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]汉阴县林业技术推广站,陕西安康725000 [3]兴平市农业技术推广中心,陕西兴平712000 [4]陕西省水工环地质调查中心,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第3期517-525,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-02-14);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1700102);陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(2024NYGG011);陕西省公益性地质调查项目(201908)。

摘　　要：为改良富硒高镉耕地土壤,本研究选取凹凸棒土、叶面硅肥、生物炭、微生物菌剂作为改良剂,通过单独或联合施用的方式,探究其对土壤理化性质及玉米对硒、镉吸收的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭,土壤pH值、土壤阳离子交换量、土壤有机质含量、土壤有效磷含量、土壤速效钾含量、土壤中性磷酸酶活性、土壤荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶活性、土壤脲酶活性均显著高于对照,且土壤有效硒含量、有效镉含量均显著低于对照。与单独施用生物炭或微生物菌剂处理相比,施用生物炭+微生物菌剂使土壤有效磷含量、荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶活性、中性磷酸酶活性、脲酶活性均显著提高,土壤有效镉含量显著降低。与对照相比,施用凹凸棒土+叶面硅肥,土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、土壤有效磷含量、土壤速效钾含量、土壤有效硒含量、玉米籽粒硒含量显著升高,同时土壤有效镉含量显著降低。综上,施用生物炭+微生物菌剂、凹凸棒土+叶面硅肥对土壤的改良效果较好。本研究结果为富硒高镉耕地的土壤改良提供了理论依据。In order to improve selenium-rich and high-cadmium cultivated soils,this study selected attapulgite,foliar silicon fertilizer,biochar,and microbial inoculant as amendments.Through single or combined application methods,the effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the absorption of selenium and cadmium by maize were explored.The results showed that the soil pH,soil cation exchange capacity,soil organic matter content,soil available phosphorus content,soil available potassium content,soil neutral phosphatase activity,soil fluorescein diacetate(FDA)hydrolase activity,and soil urease activity in the biochar-applied treatment were significantly higher than those in the control,and the soil available selenium content and soil available cadmium content were significantly lower than those in the control.Compared with the treatments of applying biochar or microbial inoculant alone,the soil available phosphorus content,fluorescein diacetate(FDA)hydrolase activity,neutral phosphatase activity,and urease activity in the treatment of applying biochar+microbial inoculant were significantly increased,and the soil available cadmium content was significantly decreased.Compared with the control,the soil pH,cation exchange capacity,soil available phosphorus content,soil available potassium content,soil available selenium content,and selenium content in maize grains in the treatment of applying attapulgite+foliar silicon fertilizer were significantly increased,and the soil available cadmium content was significantly decreased.In conclusion,the application of biochar+microbial inoculant and attapulgite+foliar silicon fertilizer had better effects on soil improvement.This study provides a theoretical basis for the soil improvement of selenium-rich and high-cadmium cultivated lands.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 富硒高镉耕地 镉污染 玉米 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]